Combined effects of two stressors on Kenyan coral reefs are additive or antagonistic, not synergistic
Combined effects of two stressors on Kenyan coral reefs are additive or antagonistic, not synergistic
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1755-263x.2009.00089.x
复制
发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Cote, Isabelle M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darling, Emily S.;McClanahan, Timothy R.;Cote, Isabelle M.
保护科学面临的一个挑战是预测同时发生的人类活动对生态系统的影响。多种人为和自然压力因素影响着全球生态系统，预计将危及其生态功能和保护和管理举措的成功。两种或两种以上的压力源协同作用的可能性是特别值得关注的，但这种非加性效应在本质上仍然很大程度上未被确定。一组来自肯尼亚珊瑚礁的硬珊瑚覆盖的长期数据被用来检查两个压力源的独立和相互作用的影响：渔业和1998年导致大量珊瑚白化和死亡的温度异常。虽然这两个压力源都减少了珊瑚覆盖，捕鱼减少了51%，漂白减少了74%，但它们并没有协同作用。相反，它们的联合作用是拮抗或弱加性的。观察到的非协同反应可能是由一个显性应激源白化和珊瑚分类群对白化和捕捞应激源的共同耐受性引起的。因此，珊瑚白化一直是肯尼亚珊瑚礁珊瑚损失的主要驱动因素，尽管海洋保护区为珊瑚礁生态系统提供了许多好处，但它们可能无法为珊瑚提供气候变化的避难所。
A challenge for conservation science is predicting the impacts of co-occurring human activities on ecological systems. Multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors impact ecosystems globally and are expected to jeopardize their ecological functions and the success of conservation and management initiatives. The possibility that two or more stressors interact synergistically is of particular concern, but such nonadditive effects remain largely unidentified in nature. A long-term data set of hard coral cover from Kenyan reefs was used to examine the independent and interactive effects of two stressors: fishing and a temperature anomaly in 1998 that caused mass coral bleaching and mortality. While both stressors decreased coral cover, fishing by 51% and bleaching by 74%, they did not interact synergistically. Instead, their combined effect was antagonistic or weakly additive. The observed nonsynergistic response may be caused by the presence of one dominant stressor, bleaching, and cotolerance of coral taxa to both bleaching and fishing stressors. Consequently, coral bleaching has been the dominant driver of coral loss on Kenyan reefs and while marine reserves offer many benefits to reef ecosystems, they may not provide corals with a refuge from climate change.