Presenting signs and symptoms in brain tumors.
Presenting signs and symptoms in brain tumors.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-802997-8.00002-5
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mikkelsen, Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alentorn, Agusti;Hoang-Xuan, Khe;Mikkelsen, Tom
脑肿瘤临床表现期间发生的局灶性症状和体征取决于许多因素。生长的位置和速度是最关键的，其次是总体病变的大小和性质，是否浸润或导致神经结构移位，以及相关病理的存在或程度，包括水肿、出血、血管损害和脑脊液阻塞。肿瘤的发病机制可分为肿瘤因素和瘤周因素。肿瘤因素包括组织学，例如，癫痫发作在某些低级别胶质瘤患者中很常见。肿瘤周围因素，包括局部缺氧和肿瘤周围区的离子变化，可能会影响神经元的活动和细胞外谷氨酸可能与神经元的过度兴奋。血脑屏障的破坏可能导致癫痫发作和局部神经元功能障碍。最后，脑肿瘤的体征和症状可以是广义的，与颅内压增加有关，但也可以是局部的，基于中枢神经系统的主要结构的参与。
Focal symptoms and signs occurring during brain tumor clinical presentation are dependent on a number of factors. Location and rate of growth are the most critical, followed by overall lesion size and nature, whether infiltrating or causing the displacement of neural structures, but also the presence or extent of associated pathology, including edema, hemorrhage, vascular compromise, and cerebrospinal fluid obstruction. Mechanisms of presenting symptomatology can be divided into tumor and peritumoral factors. Tumor factors include histology, for example, in that seizures are common in patients with certain low-grade gliomas. Peritumoral factors, including regional hypoxia and ionic changes in the peritumoral zone, may influence neuronal activity and extracellular glutamate may be associated with neuronal hyperexcitability. Blood-brain barrier breakdown may predispose to seizure and localized neuronal dysfunction. Finally, signs and symptoms in brain tumors can be generalized, associated with increased intracranial brain pressure, but can also be localized, based on the involvement of the major structures of the central nervous system.