MECHANICAL ISOLATION OF SALVIA APIANA AND SALVIA MELLIFERA (LABIATAE)
MECHANICAL ISOLATION OF SALVIA APIANA AND SALVIA MELLIFERA (LABIATAE)
复制标题
SALVIA APIANA 和 SALVIA MELLIFERA (唇形科) 的机械隔离
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1964
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Grant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Grant;V. Grant
近年来，已经描述了许多植物物种在一起生长，同时开花，或多或少相互干扰，但由于机械隔离而在自然界中不能自由杂交的情况。例子可以在这样的属中找到，如Aquilegia，Sarcoeema，Penstemon，Mimulus，Pedular aris，OPhys，和Stanopea(这些案例已经由Grant[1963，p.355-359]回顾，并将在本文的后面部分讨论)。在每一种情况下，涉及的物种都具有复杂的花朵机制，适合相对较小范围的不同动物传粉者。这些机械差异在授粉阶段起作用，部分或全部排除授粉者，而不是每种植物适应的传粉者(Grant，1949,1963)。鼠尾草和意大利鼠尾草是加州鼠尾草群落中两个关系密切、分布广泛的多年生鼠尾草属植物。埃普林(1947a，b)和安德森和安德森(1954)已经研究过这对物种以及它们之间的繁殖关系，因此，这种情况的某些方面现在已经为植物进化论者所熟知。尽管这两个相互干扰的物种在南加州的大片地区共生，但自然杂交受到一系列隔离机制的限制。然而，到目前为止，机械隔离在分离这两个物种中所起的作用还不清楚。特别是，蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂各自的昆虫传粉者在生殖隔离中的作用还不清楚。本文的目的是描述蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂之间存在的机械隔离及其昆虫传粉者习性的一些后果。本研究基于自1959年以来对传粉者的观察，从而对蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂之间的关系的某些方面提供了新的认识，并为被子植物的机械隔离理论增加了另一个案例。
In recent years a number of cases have been described of plant species which grow together, bloom at the same time, are more or less interfertile, yet do not hybridize freely in nature because of mechanical isolation. Examples are found in such genera as Aquilegia, Sarcostemma, Penstemon, Mimulus, Pedicularis, Ophrys, and Stanhopea (these cases have been reviewed by Grant [1963, p. 355-359] and will be discussed in a later section of this paper). In each case the species involved possess complex floral mechanisms adapted to a relatively narrow range of different animal pollinators. These mechanical differences, operating at the stage of pollination, serve to partially or wholly exclude pollinators other than those to which each plant species is adapted (Grant, 1949, 1963). Salvia apiana and S. mellifera (section Audibertia) are two closely related and widespread perennial species of sage in the California sage community. This pair of species, and the breeding relationships between them, have been studied by Epling (1947a, b) and by Anderson and Anderson (1954), and some aspects of the case are -therefore well known to plant evolutionists now. Although the two interfertile species occur sympatrically over a wide area in southern California, natural hybridization is restricted by a combination of isolating mechanisms. However, heretofore, the part played by mechanical isolation in the separation of the two species has not been clarified. In particular, the role of the respective insect pollinators of S. apiana and S. mellifera in reproductive isolation has not been understood. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the mechanical isolation existing between S. apiana and S. mellifera and some consequences of the habits of their insect pollinators. The present study based on observations of pollinators made since 1959 thus sheds new light on some aspects of the relationship between S. apiana and S. mellifera, as well as adding another case to the theory of mechanical isolation in angiosperms.