Genetic Alterations in Pesticide Exposed Bolivian Farmers
Genetic Alterations in Pesticide Exposed Bolivian Farmers
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接触农药的玻利维亚农民的基因改变
DOI：
10.4137/117727190700200017
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Flemming Lander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Jørs;Ana Rosa Gonzáles;Maria Eugenia Ascarrunz;Noemi Tirado;Catharina Takahashi;Erika Lafuente;Raquel A Dos Santos;Natalia Bailon;Rafael Cervantes;Huici O;Jesper Bælum;Flemming Lander
背景 由于农药使用量的增加，在玻利维亚引起了人们的关注。由于使用剧毒农药、对分销和销售控制不力以及农民对防护措施和卫生程序知之甚少，中毒事件频发。方法 对来自拉巴斯县的 81 名志愿者进行了问卷调查和血液检测，其中 48 名是接触过农药的农民，33 名是未接触过农药的对照者。 60 名男性和 21 名女性参与其中，平均年龄为 37.3 岁（范围 17-76 岁）。通过众所周知的统计方法收集和评估暴露和可能的遗传损伤的数据，控制相关的混杂因素。为了测量遗传损伤，进行了染色体畸变和彗星试验分析。结果 与对照组相比，接触农药的农民的遗传损伤程度更高。染色体畸变的数量随着农药暴露强度的增加而增加。女性的染色体畸变数量比男性少，而生活在海拔 2500 米以上的人似乎表现出更多的 DNA 损伤（根据彗星测定）。结论 玻利维亚农民表现出基因毒性损害的迹象，可能与接触农药有关。由于遗传损伤对生殖和癌症发展可能产生长期负面健康影响，因此建议采取预防措施。有效控制进口和销售、禁止毒性最强的农药、教育和宣传等措施，有助于防止农药对人类健康和环境造成的负面影响。
Background Pesticides are of concern in Bolivia because of increasing use. Frequent intoxications have been demonstrated due to use of very toxic pesticides, insufficient control of distribution and sale and little knowledge among farmers of protective measures and hygienic procedures. Method Questionnaires were applied and blood tests taken from 81 volunteers from La Paz County, of whom 48 were pesticide exposed farmers and 33 non-exposed controls. Sixty males and 21 females participated with a mean age of 37.3 years (range 17–76). Data of exposure and possible genetic damage were collected and evaluated by well known statistical methods, controlling for relevant confounders. To measure genetic damage chromosomal aberrations and the comet assay analysis were performed. Results Pesticide exposed farmers had a higher degree of genetic damage compared to the control group. The number of chromosomal aberrations increased with the intensity of pesticide exposure. Females had a lower number of chromosomal aberrations than males, and people living at altitudes above 2500 metres seemed to exhibit more DNA damage measured by the comet assay. Conclusions Bolivian farmers showed signs of genotoxic damage, probably related to exposure to pesticides. Due to the potentially negative long term health effects of genetic damage on reproduction and the development of cancer, preventive measures are recommended. Effective control with imports and sales, banning of the most toxic pesticides, education and information are possible measures, which could help preventing the negative effects of pesticides on human health and the environment.