Relative importance of plastic vs genetic factors in adaptive differentiation:: geographical variation for stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia
Relative importance of plastic vs genetic factors in adaptive differentiation:: geographical variation for stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster from eastern Australia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00959.x
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Scott, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffmann, AA;Shirriffs, J;Scott, M
1. 在许多无脊椎动物物种中已经描述了抗逆性性状的可遗传临床模式，但模式通常是在恒定条件下饲养的种群中表征的。在这里，我们研究了温度/光周期的模拟季节变化以及恒定条件对来自澳大利亚东部27度纬度范围内的8个黑腹果蝇种群的抗逆性的影响。干燥抗性在夏季相对于冬季/恒定条件下较高，但该性状与饥饿抗性无临床差异。冬季条件增加了抗寒性，这是用冷昏迷恢复时间来衡量的，而减少了耐热性，这是用小瓶中击倒的时间来衡量的。无论在何种条件下，热带种群的耐热性增加，抗寒性降低，均表现出明显的临床特征。在纬度分布上，抗寒性比耐热性更陡峭。为了比较可塑性和遗传变化对种群的相对影响，性状均值的差异相对于种群两端的差异进行了表达。对于抗寒性和耐热性，环境条件之间的差异约为遗传差异的1.5倍
1. Heritable clinal patterns for stress resistance traits have been described in a number of invertebrate species but patterns are usually characterized on populations reared under constant conditions. Here we examined the impact of simulated seasonal variation in temperature/photoperiod as well as constant conditions on stress resistance in eight Drosophila melanogaster populations from eastern Australia across a latitude range of 27 degrees.2. Desiccation resistance was relatively higher under summer compared with winter/constant conditions, but this trait and starvation resistance did not exhibit clinal variation. Winter conditions increased cold resistance as measured by chill coma recovery time, and decreased heat resistance as measured by time to knock down in a vial.3. Clinal patterns were evident for the thermal resistance traits regardless of conditions, and involved increased heat resistance and decreased cold resistance in tropical populations. Latitudinal patterns were steeper for cold resistance than for heat resistance.4. To compare the relative impact of plastic vs genetic changes along the cline, differences in trait means were expressed relative to differences between populations from cline ends. For cold and heat resistance, differences between environmental conditions were approximately 1.5x greater than the heritable differences.1