Parenting Styles and Home Obesogenic Environments
Parenting Styles and Home Obesogenic Environments
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph9041411
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ihmels, Michelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, Rachel;Welk, Greg;Ihmels, Michelle
众所周知，父母的行为对儿童肥胖有重大影响，但事实证明很难分离出具体的影响机制。本研究使用鲍姆林德的教养类型（权威型、专断型和放任型）来检验与儿童肥胖相关的教养方式和教养方式之间的联系。数据是从美国一个城市学区的不同儿童样本（n = 182，年龄7-10岁）中收集的。父母教养方式与维度问卷（PSDQ）是一项包含58个条目的调查，将父母教养方式分为三种类型：权威型、威权型和宽容型。父母对家庭致肥环境的看法是通过家庭营养和体育活动（FNPA）工具来评估的，这是一个简单的10项工具，在之前的研究中被证明可以预测超重的风险。聚类分析用于确定PSDQ数据中的模式，这些聚类与儿童的FNPA评分和测量的BMI值相关（使用ANCOVA分析，控制父母收入和教育程度），以检查父母教养方式对超重/肥胖风险的影响。FNPA得分与权威教养量表得分呈显著正相关（r = 0.29），与权威教养量表得分呈显著负相关（r = -0.22），与宽容教养量表得分呈显著负相关（r = -0.20）。纵容型养育方式与BMI得分显著相关，但这是与BMI表现出关系的唯一维度。三聚类解决方案解释了总方差的40.5%，聚类在不同PSDQ子维度上的低z分和高z分是可区分的。在控制了家庭收入和父母受教育程度后，具有放纵/权威特征的集群（集群2）的FNPA得分显著低于具有权威特征的集群（集群1）或具有权威/权威特征的集群（集群3）。聚类对BMI结果没有明显的直接影响，但其模式与FNPA结果一致。结果表明，宽容型的父母方式与更多的肥胖环境有关，而权威型的父母方式与较少的肥胖环境有关。
Parenting behaviors are known to have a major impact on childhood obesity but it has proven difficult to isolate the specific mechanism of influence. The present study uses Baumrind's parenting typologies (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) to examine associations between parenting styles and parenting practices associated with childhood obesity. Data were collected from a diverse sample of children (n = 182, ages 7-10) in an urban school district in the United States. Parenting behaviors were assessed with the Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ), a 58-item survey that categorizes parenting practices into three styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. Parent perceptions of the home obesogenic environment were assessed with the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) instrument, a simple 10 item instrument that has been shown in previous research to predict risk for overweight. Cluster analyses were used to identify patterns in the PSDQ data and these clusters were related to FNPA scores and measured BMI values in children (using ANCOVA analyses that controlled for parent income and education) to examine the impact of parenting styles on risk of overweight/obesity. The FNPA score was positively (and significantly) associated with scores on the authoritative parenting scale (r = 0.29) but negatively (and significantly) associated with scores on the authoritarian scale (r = -0.22) and permissive scale (r = -0.20). Permissive parenting was significantly associated with BMIz score but this is the only dimension that exhibited a relationship with BMI. A three-cluster solution explained 40.5% of the total variance and clusters were distinguishable by low and high z-scores on different PSDQ sub-dimensions. A cluster characterized as Permissive/Authoritarian (Cluster 2) had significantly lower FNPA scores (more obesogenic) than clusters characterized as Authoritative (Cluster 1) or Authoritarian/Authoritative (Cluster 3) after controlling for family income and parent education. No direct effects of cluster were evident on the BMI outcomes but the patterns were consistent with the FNPA outcomes. The results suggest that a permissive parenting style is associated with more obesogenic environments while an authoritative parenting style is associated with less obesogenic environments.