Historicizing historical trauma theory: Troubling the trans-generational transmission paradigm
Historicizing historical trauma theory: Troubling the trans-generational transmission paradigm
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历史创伤理论的历史化：跨代传播范式的困扰
DOI：
10.1177/1363461514531317
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
K. Maxwell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Maxwell
“创伤”代代相传的前提是加拿大土著社区和专业网络目前流传的历史创伤话语的核心。历史创伤可以被理解为两种古老的、明显对立的话语的产物：土著人的治疗和对土著家庭生活的殖民专业批评。前者的治疗重点是恢复代际社会关系，而后者则将土著父母养育子女的做法病态化。历史创伤的出现标志着道德经济的全球性转变，通过个人的身体虐待，特别是性虐待的经历获得的受害者地位，已经比反对殖民主义的集体斗争更流行。当代土著康复方案的提供者同时利用创伤论述和较老的治疗形式，前者被视为使个人的社会痛苦合法化，后者侧重于分享当地社会历史，以恢复代际延续和集体认同。但是，这些对历史创伤的援引可能会延续心理健康和社会福利专业人员的殖民话语，他们将儿童的社会问题和未能同化归咎于土著养育做法。一些当代心理健康和儿童发展专业人士援引父母和祖父母的历史创伤的传播方式，将土著家庭视为病态，促进对加拿大殖民主义的过度简化和普遍化的理解，并转移对殖民结构和关系的当代延续的注意力。
The premise that “trauma” is transmitted across generations is central to the historical trauma discourse currently circulating in indigenous communities and professional networks in Canada. Historical trauma may be understood as the offspring of two older and apparently antithetical discourses: Native healing, and colonial professional critiques of indigenous family life. While the former has maintained a therapeutic focus on restoring intergenerational social relations, the latter has pathologized indigenous parenting and child-rearing practices. The emergence of historical trauma marks a global shift in the moral economy by which victimhood status, acquired through individual experiences of physical and especially sexual abuse, has come to wield greater currency than collective struggles against colonialism. Providers of contemporary indigenous healing programmes are drawing simultaneously on trauma discourse, which is seen to legitimate individual social suffering, and older therapeutic forms centred on sharing local social histories to restore intergenerational continuities and collective identity. But these invocations of historical trauma may continue the colonial discourse of mental health and social welfare professionals, who blamed indigenous parenting practices for children’s social problems and failure to assimilate. Some contemporary mental health and child development professionals have invoked parents’ and grandparents’ transmission of historical trauma in ways which construct indigenous families as pathological, promote an oversimplified, universalizing understanding of Canadian colonialism, and divert attention from the contemporary continuation of colonial structures and relations.