The ligamentum teres femoris in orangutans.
The ligamentum teres femoris in orangutans.
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猩猩的股圆韧带。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23644
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
A. Hartstone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Magdalena N Muchlinski;Ashley S. Hammond;A. Deane;Maureen Purcell;H. Hemingway;G. Hantke;Francisco J. Pastor;M. Garrosa;A. Hartstone
目标
人们普遍认为，猩猩缺乏股骨头上的股圆韧带（LTF），因为猩猩缺乏明显的头凹。红毛猩猩采用杂技四人攀爬，这需要高水平的髋关节活动性，而LTF的缺乏被认为是一种适应，以增加髋关节的活动性。然而，在文献中有相互矛盾的报告，关于猩猩是否可能有不同的LTF配置，也许是在股骨颈上插入韧带。在这里，我们进行了解剖为基础的研究猩猩髋关节，评估软组织和硬组织相关的猩猩LTF，和组织学检查的LTF，以评估它是否是同源的，发现在其他类人猿。
材料和方法
解剖了六只猩猩的髋关节。在两个红毛猩猩与LTF传递到股骨头，LTF进行了组织学评估。检查了骨储存库中的去骨化股骨（n=56），以寻找中央凹凹的证据。
结果
我们观察到的LTF在两个三个婴儿猩猩，但不是在亚成人或成人标本。婴儿LTF的组织学检查显示了一个独特的动脉通过LTF到股骨头。1%的猩猩股骨在股骨头上有中央凹疤痕，但没有凹陷。
讨论
尽管成年猩猩中没有LTF，但至少在一些猩猩的婴儿期存在LTF。我们认为LTF在生命早期维持股骨头血液供应的作用。由于LTF可以限制髋关节的活动性，这可以解释为什么LTF可能会随着猩猩年龄的增长而丧失，并获得运动独立性。这些发现增强了我们对猩猩髋关节形态的理解，并强调了未来软组织研究的必要性。
OBJECTIVES
It is widely viewed that orangutans lack a ligamentum teres femoris (LTF) inserting on the femoral head because orangutans lack a distinct fovea capitis. Orangutans employ acrobatic quadrumanous clambering that requires a high level of hip joint mobility, and the absence of an LTF is believed to be an adaptation to increase hip mobility. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature about whether there may be a different LTF configuration in orangutans, perhaps with a ligament inserting on the femoral neck instead. Here we perform a dissection-based study of orangutan hip joints, assess the soft tissue and hard tissue correlates of the orangutan LTF, and histologically examination the LTF to evaluate whether it is homologous to that found in other hominoids.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The hip joints from six orangutans were dissected. In the two orangutans with an LTF passing to the femoral head, the LTF was assessed histologically. Skeletonized femora (n=56) in osteological repositories were examined for evidence of a foveal pit.
RESULTS
We observed an LTF in two of the three infant orangutans but not in the sub-adult or adult specimens. Histological examination of the infant LTF shows a distinct artery coursing through the LTF to the head of the femur. One percent of orangutan femora present with a foveal scar, but no pit, on the femoral head.
DISCUSSION
Despite being absent in adults, the LTF is present in at least some orangutans during infancy. We suggest that the LTF maintains a role in blood supply to the femoral head early in life. Because the LTF can limit hip mobility, this may explain why the LTF may be lost as an orangutan ages and gains locomotor independence. These findings enhance our understanding of orangutan hip morphology and underscore the need for future soft tissue investigations.