Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their attributes
Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and their attributes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.reseneeco.2011.02.002
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gardner, Meryl P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hidrue, Michael K.;Parsons, George R.;Gardner, Meryl P.
本文利用一项全国性的调查数据，对电动汽车的选择进行了一项明确的偏好研究。我们使用了一个选择实验，3029名受访者被要求在他们最喜欢的汽油车和两个电动版本之间进行选择。我们估计了潜在类别随机效用模型，并利用结果估计了电动汽车的五个属性：续航里程、充电时间、节省燃料成本、减少污染和性能。续航里程、节省的燃料成本和充电时间对受访者的重要性最大。个人愿意为增加一英里的行驶里程支付35至75美元的WTP，距离越远，每英里的WTP增量就越小。他们愿意支付每小时425美元到3250美元的费用，以减少充电时间(50英里充电)。受访者将节省约5年的燃油投入到电动汽车的购买价格中。我们在一系列电动汽车配置上模拟了我们的模型，发现电动汽车价值最高的人愿意为汽油车支付高于他们WTP的溢价，而汽油车的价格从6000美元到1.6万美元不等，而电动汽车具有最理想的属性。与此同时，我们的结果表明，电池成本必须大幅下降，电动汽车才能在没有补贴的情况下找到大众市场。(C)2011爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
This article presents a stated preference study of electric vehicle choice using data from a national survey. We used a choice experiment wherein 3029 respondents were asked to choose between their preferred gasoline vehicle and two electric versions of that preferred vehicle. We estimated a latent class random utility model and used the results to estimate the willingness to pay for five electric vehicle attributes: driving range, charging time, fuel cost saving, pollution reduction, and performance. Driving range, fuel cost savings, and charging time led in importance to respondents. Individuals were willing to pay (wtp) from $35 to $75 for a mile of added driving range, with incremental wtp per mile decreasing at higher distances. They were willing to pay from $425 to $3250 per hour reduction in charging time (for a 50mile charge). Respondents capitalized about 5 years of fuel saving into the purchase price of an electric vehicle. We simulated our model over a range of electric vehicle configurations and found that people with the highest values for electric vehicles were willing to pay a premium above their wtp for a gasoline vehicle that ranged from $6000 to $16,000 for electric vehicles with the most desirable attributes. At the same time, our results suggest that battery cost must drop significantly before electric vehicles will find a mass market without subsidy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.