Emergence of crowding: The role of contrast and orientation salience.
Emergence of crowding: The role of contrast and orientation salience.
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DOI：
10.1167/jov.21.11.20
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发表时间：
2021-10-05
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Martinovic J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee RJ;Reuther J;Chakravarthi R;Martinovic J
拥挤导致难以判断被其他对象包围的对象的属性。我们研究了分离S锥体或发光机制或将它们结合起来的刺激的拥挤。通过以不同的视网膜生成机制为目标，通过对比匹配的刺激，我们的目标是确定最早出现拥挤的位置。辨别力是在方位判断任务中测量的，在该任务中，Gabor靶子被呈现在侧翼之间的前庭旁。在第一个实验中，我们评估了纯S视锥和消色差刺激及其组合的侧向辨别阈值和非侧向辨别阈值。在第二个实验中，为了捕捉个体差异，我们测量了非侧翼检测和定向敏感度，以及在侧翼干扰下仅包含亮度或结合S锥体对比度的刺激下的表现。我们证实，对于无侧翼的S视锥刺激，方向敏感性较低。当侧翼时，S锥体刺激的结果模式与具有可比(即低)对比度的非彩色刺激相同。我们还发现，只有当方位辨别阈值可靠地超过时，侧翼干扰才表现出真正的拥挤特征。因此，拥挤出现在对代表与任务相关的特征(这里是方位)信息的信号进行操作的阶段。由于亮度和S锥体机制具有非常不同的空间调谐特性，因此最简明的结论是，在它们结合之后，拥挤发生在神经加工阶段。
Crowding causes difficulties in judging attributes of an object surrounded by other objects. We investigated crowding for stimuli that isolated either S-cone or luminance mechanisms or combined them. By targeting different retinogeniculate mechanisms with contrast-matched stimuli, we aim to determine the earliest site at which crowding emerges. Discrimination was measured in an orientation judgment task where Gabor targets were presented parafoveally among flankers. In the first experiment, we assessed flanked and unflanked orientation discrimination thresholds for pure S-cone and achromatic stimuli and their combinations. In the second experiment, to capture individual differences, we measured unflanked detection and orientation sensitivity, along with performance under flanker interference for stimuli containing luminance only or combined with S-cone contrast. We confirmed that orientation sensitivity was lower for unflanked S-cone stimuli. When flanked, the pattern of results for S-cone stimuli was the same as for achromatic stimuli with comparable (i.e. low) contrast levels. We also found that flanker interference exhibited a genuine signature of crowding only when orientation discrimination threshold was reliably surpassed. Crowding, therefore, emerges at a stage that operates on signals representing task-relevant featural (here, orientation) information. Because luminance and S-cone mechanisms have very different spatial tuning properties, it is most parsimonious to conclude that crowding takes place at a neural processing stage after they have been combined.
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DOI：
10.1097/opx.0b013e31829908a4
发表时间：
2013-07
期刊：
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Coates DR;Chin JM;Chung ST
通讯作者：
Chung ST
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1615504114
发表时间：
2017-04-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Greenwood, John A.;Szinte, Martin;Cavanagh, Patrick
通讯作者：
Cavanagh, Patrick
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Bosten, J. M.;Goodbourn, P. T.;Mollon, J. D.
通讯作者：
Mollon, J. D.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Felisberti, FM;Solomon, JA;Morgan, MJ
通讯作者：
Morgan, MJ
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
CERNY, BA;KAISER, HF
通讯作者：
KAISER, HF