Attaching to spindles before they form: Do early incorrect chromosome-microtubule attachments promote meiotic segregation fidelity?
Attaching to spindles before they form: Do early incorrect chromosome-microtubule attachments promote meiotic segregation fidelity?
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DOI：
10.4161/cc.25252
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发表时间：
2013-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Régis E Meyer;D. Dawson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Régis E Meyer;D. Dawson
在减数分裂过程中，基因组的正确划分取决于染色体的正确分离。这个过程中的错误导致产生非整倍体配子，这是人类出生缺陷和不孕症的主要原因。为了在减数分裂中正确分离，同源染色体伴侣必须附着在纺锤体相反两极发出的微管上。然而，最近在酵母中的一项研究表明，微管和染色体之间的初始连接通常是不正确的，这将导致灾难性的分离错误，但它们几乎总是通过微管的分离和重新连接来纠正。在这里，我们回顾了最初不正确附着的原因，这源于它们在纺锤装配过程中形成的早期时间，以及微管组织者（在酵母中称为纺锤极体）不相等的事实。一个纺锤极体较老，能够更好地产生附着在染色体上的微管。我们与最近在动物细胞中的发现相似，并提出这些早期微管附着，虽然经常不正确，但可能在纺锤体组装中起重要作用，从长远来看，促进高保真染色体分离。
The proper partitioning of the genome during meiosis depends on the correct segregation of chromosomes. Errors in this process result in the production of aneuploid gametes, a major cause of birth defects and infertility in humans. In order to segregate properly in meiosis, homologous chromosome partners must attach to microtubules that emanate from opposites poles of the spindle. However, a recent study in yeast has shown that, remarkably, the initial attachments between microtubules and the chromosomes are usually incorrect, which would lead to catastrophic segregation errors, but they are nearly always corrected through the detachment and reattachment of the microtubules. Here we review the reasons for the initial incorrect attachments, which stem from the timing of their formation early in the spindle assembly process, and the fact that the microtubule organizers, called spindle pole bodies in yeast, are not equal. One spindle pole body is older and better able to produce microtubules that attach to the chromosomes. We draw parallels to recent findings in animal cells and suggest that these early microtubule attachments, while often incorrect, may serve an important role in spindle assembly, which, in the long-term, promotes high-fidelity chromosome segregation.