Carbon dioxide and ocean acidification observations in UK waters. Synthesis report with a focus on 2010–2015
Carbon dioxide and ocean acidification observations in UK waters. Synthesis report with a focus on 2010–2015
复制标题
英国水域二氧化碳和海洋酸化观测综合报告，重点关注 2010-2015 年。
DOI：
10.13140/rg.2.1.4819.4164
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
A. Watson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Ostle;P. Williamson;Y. Artioli;D. Bakker;S. Birchenough;C. Davis;S. Dye;M. Edwards;H. Findlay;N. Greenwood;S. Hartman;M. Humphreys;T. Jickells;M. Johnson;P. Landschuetzer;Ruth Parker;D. Pearce;J. Pinnegar;C. Robinson;U. Schuster;B. Silburn;Rob Thomas;S. Wakelin;P. Walsham;A. Watson
关键信息：1.1海洋酸化的过程作为公海的一个长期趋势，目前在全球范围内已有较好的记录。然而，短期和空间变异性可能很高。1.2自制图进展2以来提供的新数据集使我们有可能大大改善英国沃茨的二氧化碳和海洋酸化的特征。3.1英国最近的巡航数据造成了国家和全球数据集的巨大差距。3.2新的英国测量结果证实，pH值是高度可变的，因此，重要的是要始终如一地测量，以确定任何长期趋势。3.3在过去的30年里，北海的pH值以每年0.0035±0.0014 pH单位的速度下降。3.4上层海洋pH值春季最高，秋季最低。这些变化反映了光合作用、呼吸作用（分解）和水混合的季节性周期。3.5碳酸盐饱和状态在冬季是最小的，并且在更北、更冷的沃茨中更低。这种温度依赖性可能对未来海洋变暖产生影响。3.6在年周期中，西北欧海洋是CO2的净汇。然而，在夏末至秋季，一些沿海沃茨可能是重要来源。3.7在季节性分层的沃茨中，海底生物自然会经历较低的pH值和饱和状态;因此，它们可能更容易受到阈值变化的影响。3.8在沉积物顶部1厘米处可能会发生较大的pH值变化（0.5 - 1.0单位）;然而，这种影响没有很好的记录。3.9一个耦合预测模型估计，在高温室气体排放情景下（RCP 8.5），北海pH值趋势的下降为每年-0.0036至0.00034 pH值单位。3.10预测模型的季节性估计表明，北海地区特别容易受到文石不饱和的影响。
Key messages: 1.1 The process of ocean acidification is now relatively well-documented at the global scale as a long-term trend in the open ocean. However, short-term and spatial variability can be high. 1.2 New datasets made available since Charting Progress 2 make it possible to greatly improve the characterisation of CO2 and ocean acidification in UK waters. 3.1 Recent UK cruise data contribute to large gaps in national and global datasets. 3.2 The new UK measurements confirm that pH is highly variable, therefore it is important to measure consistently to determine any long term trends. 3.3 Over the past 30 years, North Sea pH has decreased at 0.0035±0.0014 pH units per year. 3.4 Upper ocean pH values are highest in spring, lowest in autumn. These changes reflect the seasonal cycles in photosynthesis, respiration (decomposition) and water mixing. 3.5 Carbonate saturation states are minimal in the winter, and lower in 7 more northerly, colder waters. This temperature-dependence could have implications for future warming of the seas. 3.6 Over the annual cycle, North-west European seas are net sinks of CO2. However, during late summer to autumn months, some coastal waters may be significant sources. 3.7 In seasonally-stratified waters, sea-floor organisms naturally experience lower pH and saturation states; they may therefore be more vulnerable to threshold changes. 3.8 Large pH changes (0.5 - 1.0 units) can occur in the top 1 cm of sediment; however, such effects are not well-documented. 3.9 A coupled forecast model estimates the decrease in pH trend within the North Sea to be -0.0036±0.00034 pH units per year, under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). 3.10 Seasonal estimates from the forecast model demonstrate areas of the North Sea that are particularly vulnerable to aragonite undersaturation.