EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS AS THE CAUSE OF EL-NINO-COINCIDENT CORAL MORTALITY
EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS AS THE CAUSE OF EL-NINO-COINCIDENT CORAL MORTALITY
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00265009
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
DCROZ, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GLYNN, PW;DCROZ, L
在热带东太平洋的主要造礁珊瑚poillopora damicornis上进行的高温耐受性实验表明，动物黄藻的损失、组织病理异常和死亡率与1982-83年严重的厄尔尼诺-非南方涛动（ENSO）事件相似。珊瑚的活力在摄氏30至32度的温度下显著下降，但在正常温度下（摄氏26至28度），珊瑚的活力仍然很高。珊瑚发病和死亡的实验室时间过程与实地观察结果相似。实验高温对墨西哥湾或巴拿马的珊瑚产生了更大的负面影响，这些珊瑚经历了季节性的凉爽上升流，而对没有上升流的奇里基湾的珊瑚则没有影响。与实验珊瑚相关的专性共生甲壳类动物（Trapezia, Alpheus）的生存条件随着宿主条件的下降而下降。所有巴拿马湾的珊瑚在32摄氏度的温度下5周后死亡，所有与之相关的甲壳类共生体在9周后死亡。Chiriqui湾的珊瑚在30摄氏度的环境下存活了9周，42%的甲壳类共生体在10周后仍然存活。在厄尔尼诺未变暖后，巴拿马湾的珊瑚死亡率（68.5%）明显高于随后异常强烈的冷上升流（10.4%）。低温胁迫（寒流和上升流）通常被认为是阻碍东太平洋珊瑚礁广泛发展的关键限制条件。我们的研究结果表明，不频繁但严重的ENSO海洋变暖事件也可能限制该地区的珊瑚礁发育。
High temperature tolerance experiments performed on Pocillopora damicornis, a major reef-building coral in the tropical eastern Pacific, resulted in loss of zooxanthellae, histopathological abnormalities, and mortality similar to that observed during the severe 1982-83 El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Coral vitality declined significantly at 30-32.degree.C during a 10-week period, but remained high at normal temperatures (26-28.degree.C). Laboratory time course to coral morbidity and death were similar to those observed in the field. Experimental high temperatures had a greater negative effect on corals from the Gulf or Panama, which experiences seasonally cool upwellings, than on corals from the nonupwelling Gulf of Chiriqui. The conditions of obligate symbiotic crustaceans (Trapezia, Alpheus) associated with experimental corals declined with their host''s declining condition. All Gulf of Panama corals subjected to 32.degree.C were dead after 5 weeks and all of their associated crustacean symbionts were dead after 9 weeks. Gulf of Chiriqui corals at 30.degree.C survived for 9 weeks and 42% of their crustacean symbionts were still alive after 10 weeks. Coral mortality in the Gulf of Panama was significantly higher (68.5%) after El Ni~no warming than after subsequent episodes of unusually intense cool upwellings (10.4%). Low temperatures stress (cool currents and upwelling) has been generally suggested as the critical limiting conditions that prevents extensive coral reef development in the eastern Pacific. Our results suggest that infrequent but severe ENSO sea warming events also may limit reef development in this region.