WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION OF ICE AND WATER IN A POLAR OCEAN
WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION OF ICE AND WATER IN A POLAR OCEAN
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DOI：
10.1029/jz070i014p03279
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发表时间：
1965-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
CAMPBELL, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CAMPBELL, WJ
提出了风驱动、斜压、冰覆盖海洋环流的稳态理论。冰被认为在五种力的作用下流动：空气应力、水应力、通过冰包传递的应力、科里奥利力以及由于海面倾斜而产生的压力梯度力。两个冰面均假定为普朗特型边界层。冰被视为高粘性流体膜，由浮冰组成，浮冰充当具有以粗糙度参数为特征的刚性上表面和下表面的流体元件。该理论应用于北冰洋，无法进行β平面近似，因此需要考虑科里奥利参数随纬度的实际变化。从平均海平面压力场推导的非解析应力场用于方程的数值积分。冰环流的解显示了一个以波弗特海为中心的反气旋单元，有一条宽阔的溪流从亚洲海岸穿过极地到达格陵兰岛。所有解都显示太平洋一侧的表层水中存在反气旋环流，并且理论上，为了使环流占据其观测位置，需要高达 3.0×1012cm2sec−1 的冰涡粘度。
A steady‐state theory for the circulation of a wind‐driven, baroclinic, ice‐covered ocean is presented. The ice is considered to flow under the action of five forces: the air stress, the water stress, the stress transmitted through the ice pack, the Coriolis force, and the pressure gradient force due to the tilting of the sea surface. Prandtl‐type boundary layers are assumed at both ice surfaces. The ice is treated as a film of highly viscous fluid, composed of ice floes which act as fluid elements having rigid upper and lower surfaces characterized by roughness parameters. The theory is applied to the Arctic Ocean, where the β‐plane approximation cannot be made, so the actual variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude is considered. A nonanalytical stress field deduced from the field of mean sea‐level pressure is used for the numerical integration of the equations. The solutions for the ice circulation show an anticyclonic cell centered in the Beaufort Sea with a broad stream running from the Asian coast across the pole to Greenland. All solutions show an anticyclonic gyral in the surface waters on the Pacific side of the ocean, and it is theorized that an ice eddy viscosity as high as 3.0×1012cm2sec−1is necessary in order for the gyral to occupy its observed position.