New enzymes for old: Redesigning the coenzyme and substrate specificities of glutathione reductase

New enzymes for old: Redesigning the coenzyme and substrate specificities of glutathione reductase
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新酶替代旧酶:重新设计谷胱甘肽还原酶的辅酶和底物特异性

DOI:
10.1002/bies.950131005
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发表时间:
1991
期刊:
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
A. Berry
A. Berry
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
R. Perham;N. Scrutton;A. Berry

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黄素蛋白二硫化物氧化还原酶谷胱甘肽还原酶中的辅酶NADPH和底物谷胱甘肽具有特异性的一组氨基酸侧链已被鉴定。系统地替换辅酶结合位点上的这些氨基酸残基将该酶的特异性从对NADPH的天然强烈偏好转变为对NADH的显着偏好。被替换的氨基酸都位于蛋白质的二核苷酸结合区内的结构基序中。由于这个结构域是大多数使用烟酰胺辅酶的脱氢酶(还原酶)的共同特征,所以所有这些酶的辅酶特性可能都可以用这种方式来操纵。同样,还鉴定了与锥虫专属的谷胱甘肽还原酶相关的酶--锥硫酮还原酶选择性识别锥虫硫酮的氨基酸残基。对大肠杆菌谷胱甘肽还原酶的相应残基进行适当的突变,使其底物专一性转向台盼硫酮。更好地了解这些酶的底物特异性可能会为锥虫感染的化疗开辟一条新的途径。
A set of amino acid side chains that confer specificity for the coenzyme NADPH and the substrate glutathione in the flavoprotein disulphide oxidoreductase, glutathione reductase, has been identified. Systematic replacement of these amino acid residues in the coenzyme‐binding site switches the specificity of the enzyme from its natural strong preference for NADPH to a marked preference For NADH. The amino acids replaced all lie in a structural motif within the dinucleotide‐binding domain of the protein. Since this domain is a feature common to most dehydrogenases (reductases) that use nicotinamide coenzymes, it may be that the coenzyme specificities of all such enzymes can be manipulated in this way. Similarly, amino acid residues involved in the selective recognition of trypanothione by trypanothione reductase, an enzyme related to glutathione reductase and exclusive to trypanosomatids, were identified. Suitable mutation of the corresponding residues in E. coli glutathione reductase switched its substrate specificity towards trypanothione. A better understanding of the substrate specificity of these enzymes could open up a route to the chemotherapy of trypanosomal infections.
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