Nuclear and mtDNA phylogenetic analyses clarify the evolutionary history of two species of native Hawaiian bats and the taxonomy of Lasiurini (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Nuclear and mtDNA phylogenetic analyses clarify the evolutionary history of two species of native Hawaiian bats and the taxonomy of Lasiurini (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0186085
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发表时间：
2017-10-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bickham, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baird, Amy B.;Braun, Janet K.;Bickham, John W.
先前对霜毛蝠遗传学的研究在它们对夏威夷群岛的殖民时间以及北美（Aeorestes cinereus）和夏威夷（A. semotus）霜毛蝠是否为不同物种方面得出了不同的结论。一项使用线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶I（mtDNA COI）以及核基因Rag2和CMA1的研究，基于扩展贝叶斯天际线图所显示的当时种群扩张迹象，得出霜毛蝠在不超过1万年前殖民夏威夷群岛的结论。另一项使用3个线粒体DNA和1个Y染色体基因座的研究则得出夏威夷群岛在大约100万年前被殖民的结论。为了解决这些研究之间明显的不一致，我们检测了毛尾蝠属蝙蝠4个线粒体和2个核基因座的DNA序列，以研究霜毛蝠对夏威夷群岛的殖民时间，检验夏威夷和北美霜毛蝠属于不同物种的假设，并进一步研究该族内的属级分类。对线粒体DNA单倍型和核CMA1等位基因节点的系统发育分析和年代测定表明，A. semotus大约在135万年前入侵夏威夷群岛，而A. cinereus的多次抵达则是在更近的时期。扩展贝叶斯天际线图显示夏威夷群岛在大约2万年前出现种群扩张，鉴于A. cinereus和A. semotus之间高度的遗传分化（线粒体DNA细胞色素b的差异为4.2%）以及A. semotus内部高度的遗传多样性，我们认为这并不代表夏威夷群岛被殖民的时间。相反，2万年前的种群扩张可能是由于对其他岛屿的殖民、瓶颈期后的扩张或其他因素导致的。新的遗传数据也支持将A. semotus和A. cinereus认定为不同物种，这一发现与先前的形态学和行为学研究结果一致。对CMA1等位基因的系统发育分析显示存在两个分支，它们主要与A. semotus线粒体DNA单倍型相关，且是夏威夷群岛所特有的。有证据表明夏威夷群岛上A. semotus和A. cinereus之间存在低水平的杂交，但并不广泛（
Previous studies on genetics of hoary bats produced differing conclusions on the timing of their colonization of the Hawaiian Islands and whether or not North American (Aeorestes cinereus) and Hawaiian (A. semotus) hoary bats are distinct species. One study, using mtDNA COI and nuclear Rag2 and CMA1, concluded that hoary bats colonized the Hawaiian Islands no more than 10,000 years ago based on indications of population expansion at that time using Extended Bayesian Skyline Plots. The other study, using 3 mtDNA and 1 Y-chromosome locus, concluded that the Hawaiian Islands were colonized about 1 million years ago. To address the marked inconsistencies between those studies, we examined DNA sequences from 4 mitochondrial and 2 nuclear loci in lasiurine bats to investigate the timing of colonization of the Hawaiian Islands by hoary bats, test the hypothesis that Hawaiian and North American hoary bats belong to different species, and further investigate the generic level taxonomy within the tribe. Phylogenetic analysis and dating of the nodes of mtDNA haplotypes and of nuclear CMA1 alleles show that A. semotus invaded the Hawaiian Islands approximately 1.35 Ma and that multiple arrivals of A. cinereus occurred much more recently. Extended Bayesian Skyline plots show population expansion at about 20,000 years ago in the Hawaiian Islands, which we conclude does not represent the timing of colonization of the Hawaiian Islands given the high degree of genetic differentiation among A. cinereus and A. semotus (4.2% divergence at mtDNA Cytb) and the high degree of genetic diversity within A. semotus. Rather, population expansion 20,000 years ago could have resulted from colonization of additional islands, expansion after a bottleneck, or other factors. New genetic data also support the recognition of A. semotus and A. cinereus as distinct species, a finding consistent with previous morphological and behavioral studies. The phylogenetic analysis of CMA1 alleles shows the presence of 2 clades that are primarily associated with A. semotus mtDNA haplotypes, and are unique to the Hawaiian Islands. There is evidence for low levels of hybridization between A. semotus and A. cinereus on the Hawaiian Islands, but it is not extensive (