Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis
Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c160022
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Stephens, Jacqueline M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Sa, Paula Mota;Richard, Allison J.;Stephens, Jacqueline M.
脂肪细胞是脂肪组织的决定性细胞类型。脂肪组织曾经被认为是能量储存的被动参与者，现在被认为是一个动态的器官，它有助于几个重要的生理过程，如脂质代谢、全身能量稳态和全身胰岛素敏感性。因此，了解其发育和功能的机制是非常重要的。脂肪细胞分化是一个高度协调的过程，它可以在不同的脂肪储存库之间以及性别之间发生变化。虽然激素、mirna、细胞骨架蛋白和许多其他效应物可以调节脂肪细胞的发育，但人们最了解的脂肪形成调节因子是抑制或促进这一过程的转录因子。体外培养细胞的异位表达和敲低方法已被广泛用于了解转录因子对脂肪细胞发育的贡献，为更复杂的体内策略研究脂肪形成提供了基础。迄今为止，超过24个转录因子已被证明在脂肪细胞发育中起重要作用。这些转录因子属于几个家族，具有许多不同的dna结合结构域。虽然过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体（PPAR.）无疑是所有类型脂肪组织中最重要的脂肪细胞发育转录调节剂，但CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白、kruppel样转录因子、转录信号换能器和激活因子、GATA、早期B细胞因子和干扰素调节因子家族的成员也调节脂肪的形成。PPAR γ活性的重要性被几个共价修饰所强调，这些修饰可以调节PPAR γ活性及其调节脂肪细胞发育的能力。本文将主要关注白色脂肪细胞中脂肪形成的转录控制以及参与这一精细发育过程的机制。(C) 2017年美国生理学会。
Adipocytes are the defining cell type of adipose tissue. Once considered a passive participant in energy storage, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic organ that contributes to several important physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, systemic energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in its development and function is of great importance. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly orchestrated process which can vary between different fat depots as well as between the sexes. While hormones, miRNAs, cytoskeletal proteins, and many other effectors can modulate adipocyte development, the best understood regulators of adipogenesis are the transcription factors that inhibit or promote this process. Ectopic expression and knockdown approaches in cultured cells have been widely used to understand the contribution of transcription factors to adipocyte development, providing a basis for more sophisticated in vivo strategies to examine adipogenesis. To date, over two dozen transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in adipocyte development. These transcription factors belong to several families with many different DNA-binding domains. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR.) is undoubtedly the most important transcriptional modulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Kruppel-like transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, GATA, early B cell factor, and interferon-regulatory factor families also regulate adipogenesis. The importance of PPAR gamma activity is underscored by several covalent modifications that modulate its activity and its ability to modulate adipocyte development. This review will primarily focus on the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in white fat cells and on the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. (C) 2017 American Physiological Society.