Evaluating Proxy Influence in Assimilated Paleoclimate Reconstructions—Testing the Exchangeability of Two Ensembles of Spatial Processes

Evaluating Proxy Influence in Assimilated Paleoclimate Reconstructions—Testing the Exchangeability of Two Ensembles of Spatial Processes
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评估同化古气候重建中的代理影响——测试两个空间过程系综的可交换性

DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2020.1799810
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Harris, T.
Harris, T.
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harris, T.

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气候场重建(CFRs)试图使用气候代用指标(如树木年轮、冰芯和珊瑚)来估计过去气候变量的时空场。数据同化(DA)方法是一种最近的和有前途的新手段,获得CFRs的最佳融合的气候代理与气候模式输出。尽管越来越多的应用DA为基础的CFRs,很少有人知道同化代理改变气候模式数据的统计特性。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个强大的和计算效率高的方法,功能数据深度的基础上,评估两个时空过程的分布差异。我们应用我们的测试来研究全球和区域代理的影响DA为基础的CFRs通过比较的背景和分析状态,这被视为两个样本的时空场。我们发现,分析状态显着改变,从气候模式为基础的背景状态,由于同化的代理。此外,分析状态和背景状态之间的差异随着代理的数量而增加,即使在远远超出代理收集站点的区域中也是如此。我们的方法使我们能够表征代理的附加值,表明分析状态在何处以及何时与背景状态不同。本文的补充材料可在网上查阅。
Climate field reconstructions (CFRs) attempt to estimate spatiotemporal fields of climate variables in the past using climate proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals. Data assimilation (DA) methods are a recent and promising new means of deriving CFRs that optimally fuse climate proxies with climate model output. Despite the growing application of DA-based CFRs, little is understood about how much the assimilated proxies change the statistical properties of the climate model data. To address this question, we propose a robust and computationally efficient method, based on functional data depth, to evaluate differences in the distributions of two spatiotemporal processes. We apply our test to study global and regional proxy influence in DA-based CFRs by comparing the background and analysis states, which are treated as two samples of spatiotemporal fields. We find that the analysis states are significantly altered from the climate-model-based background states due to the assimilation of proxies. Moreover, the difference between the analysis and background states increases with the number of proxies, even in regions far beyond proxy collection sites. Our approach allows us to characterize the added value of proxies, indicating where and when the analysis states are distinct from the background states. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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