Competence of Cimex lectularius Bed Bugs for the Transmission of Bartonella quintana, the Agent of Trench Fever
Competence of Cimex lectularius Bed Bugs for the Transmission of Bartonella quintana, the Agent of Trench Fever
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003789
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Parola, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leulmi, Hamza;Bitam, Idir;Parola, Philippe
研究背景五日巴尔通体是战壕热等人类疾病的病原体，通过体虱粪便传播。最近，这种细菌在其他节肢动物家族如臭虫中被检测到，这就引出了它们参与B的问题。昆塔纳传输。虽然几种传染性病原体已被报道，并建议通过臭虫传播，有关其能力作为vectors.Methodology/ Principal FindingsBed臭虫在成人和龄期发育阶段喂三个连续的人血粉接种B的证据还不清楚。从第一天（D1）至D5，用五联金杆菌感染小鼠;随后，用无病原体的人血喂养小鼠直至实验结束。按时间序列收集臭虫和粪便，以评估其获得、繁殖和排出活B的能力。通过分子生物学、免疫组织化学和培养物分析，B。在100%随机选择的实验感染的臭虫标本中检测到五日毒（D3）。B的监测。臭虫粪便中的五日毒表明，从感染后（PI）第3天开始可检测到该细菌，并持续到PI第18 +/-1天。尽管免疫组织化学分析将细菌定位于胃肠道臭虫肠道，但B。quintana在第一和第二龄幼虫阶段建议的垂直非transovarial transmission的bacterius.ConclusionThe目前的工作首次证明，臭虫可以获得，维持超过2周，并释放活B。quintana有机体后粪脱落。我们还观察到细菌向其后代的垂直传播。虽然臭虫在传播B.由于在自然条件下对五角虫的感染尚未得到证实，目前的工作突出表明，需要重新考虑监测这些节肢动物传播人类病原体的情况。
BackgroundBartonella quintana, the etiologic agent of trench fever and other human diseases, is transmitted by the feces of body lice. Recently, this bacterium has been detected in other arthropod families such as bed bugs, which begs the question of their involvement in B. quintana transmission. Although several infectious pathogens have been reported and are suggested to be transmitted by bed bugs, the evidence regarding their competence as vectors is unclear.Methodology/ Principal FindingsBed bugs at the adult and instar developmental stages were fed three successive human blood meals inoculated with B. quintana bacterium from day one (D1) to D5; subsequently they were fed with pathogen-free human blood until the end of the experiment. Bed bugs and feces were collected in time series, to evaluate their capacities to acquire, multiply and expel viable B. quintana using molecular biology, immunohistochemistry and cultures assays. B. quintana was detected molecularly in 100% of randomly selected experimentally infected bed bug specimens (D3). The monitoring of B. quintana in bed bug feces showed that the bacterium was detectable starting on the 3rd day post-infection (pi) and persisted until day 18 +/- 1 pi. Although immunohistochemistry assays localized the bacteria to the gastrointestinal bed bug gut, the detection of B. quintana in the first and second instar larva stages suggested a vertical non-transovarial transmission of the bacterium.ConclusionThe present work demonstrated for the first time that bed bugs can acquire, maintain for more than 2 weeks and release viable B. quintana organisms following a stercorarial shedding. We also observed the vertical transmission of the bacterium to their progeny. Although the biological role of bed bugs in the transmission of B. quintana under natural conditions has yet to be confirmed, the present work highlights the need to reconsider monitoring of these arthropods for the transmission of human pathogens.