Framing and Face: The Relevance of The Presentation of Self to Linguistic Discourse Analysis
Framing and Face: The Relevance of The Presentation of Self to Linguistic Discourse Analysis
复制标题
框架与面子：自我呈现与语言话语分析的相关性
DOI：
10.1177/019027250907200404
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
D. Tannen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Tannen
分析重点专门针对语言，直到他职业生涯的后期（1981年的《谈话形式》），他的作品从《日常生活中的自我呈现》开始，对于在社会背景下研究语言的话语分析师和互动社会语言学家至关重要。也许最有影响力的是他的框架和面孔的概念，戈夫曼在后来的工作中得到了更充分的发展，但在介绍中有所预示。此外，这些具体的概念完善和发展了戈夫曼在《呈现》中提出的互动方法：自我作为社会建构的基本概念;观察到自我表达可以被释放，也就是说，当互动者专注于有意给予的信息时，不经意地交流;这种自我表达的惯例可以被理解为社会认可的仪式。为了展示自我呈现的影响和持续相关性，我将简要定义和说明话语分析的关键概念：框架和面子，并解释它们与呈现中概述的理论基础的关系。然后，我将提出它们在话语分析中所扮演的角色，并特别提到约翰·冈珀兹、罗宾·莱考夫、黛博拉·希夫林和我自己的工作。之后，我将讲述我与戈夫曼的一次个人遭遇，并解释这次遭遇给我的洞察力和灵感。最后，我将简要地指出另一个灵感来源：戈夫曼在《日常生活中自我的呈现》中写作风格的讽刺创造性。
analytic focus specifically toward language until later in his career (in the 1981 Forms of Talk), his work, beginning with The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, has been crucial for discourse analysts and interactional sociolinguists who study language in social context. Perhaps most influential have been his concepts of framing and face, which Goffman developed more fully in later work but presaged in Presentation. Moreover, these specific concepts refine and develop the approach to interaction that Goffman lays out in Presentation: the fundamental notion of self as social construction; the observation that expressions of self can be given off, that is, inadvertently communicated while an interactant is focusing on information intentionally given; and that conventions for such selfexpression can be understood as socially agreed-upon rituals. In order to show the influence and continuing relevance of Presentation of Self, I’ll briefly define and illustrate the concepts that are key for discourse analysts: framing and face, and explain their relation to the theoretical underpinnings outlined in Presentation. I will then suggest the roles they play in discourse analysis, with specific reference to the work of John Gumperz, Robin Lakoff, Deborah Schiffrin, and myself. After that, I’ll relate a personal encounter I had with Goffman and explain the insight and inspiration this encounter afforded me. Finally, I’ll briefly note another source of inspiration: the wry inventiveness of Goffman’s writing style in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.