Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Australia
Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Australia
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-018-2949-7
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发表时间：
2018-07-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Jabbar, Abdul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rashid, Mohammed H.;Vaughan, Jane L.;Jabbar, Abdul
背景资料：胃肠道线虫（GIN）可导致羊驼纤维和肉类产量下降，造成重大经济损失。虽然没有注册用于羊驼的驱虫药，但在澳大利亚和其他国家，各种类型的驱虫药经常用于控制羊驼的寄生虫性胃肠炎。关于目前的蠕虫控制措施以及用于对抗羊驼常见GIN的驱虫剂的功效，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在评估现有的蠕虫控制澳大利亚羊驼农民使用的做法，并量化常用的驱虫药对GINs的alpacas.Methods的疗效：进行了在线问卷调查，以评估目前的蠕虫控制97澳大利亚羊驼农场的做法，强调使用驱虫药。在该组97个羊驼养殖场中，选择20个采用粪便虫卵计数减少试验（FECRT）评估8种驱虫剂和/或其组合（氯氰碘柳胺、芬苯达唑、伊维菌素、莫奈太尔、莫昔克丁和左旋咪唑、氯氰碘柳胺、阿苯达唑、阿维菌素的组合）的疗效。采用多重串联聚合酶链反应（MT-PCR）方法对调查对象进行线虫属种鉴定。近一半的受访者将羊驼与绵羊和牛一起饲养，26%的受访者允许羊驼与这些反刍动物共同放牧。虽然只有63%的受访者认为蠕虫是羊驼的一个重要健康问题，但大多数受访者（89%）使用驱虫剂来控制羊驼的GIN。常用的驱虫药为大环内酯、莫奈太尔、苯并咪唑、左旋咪唑、氯生太尔及其复方制剂，通常以绵羊推荐的剂量率给药。FECRT结果显示，左旋咪唑、氯氰碘柳胺、阿苯达唑和阿维菌素的组合是最有效的驱虫剂，其次是单药，包括莫奈太尔、莫昔克丁、氯氰碘柳胺、芬苯达唑和伊维菌素。血矛线虫属是最常见的耐药线虫，其次是毛圆线虫属，结论：这是第一项旨在评估澳大利亚羊驼蠕虫控制实践和常用驱虫药疗效的研究。我们的研究结果记录了澳大利亚羊驼养殖场的驱虫药耐药性的程度，并确定了那些对羊驼GIN仍然有效的驱虫药。
Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) can cause significant economic losses in alpacas due to lowered production of fibre and meat Although no anthelmintics are registered for use in alpacas, various classes of anthelmintics are frequently used to control parasitic gastroenteritis in alpacas in Australia and other countries. Very little is known about the current worm control practices as well as the efficacy of anthelmintics used against common GINs of alpacas. This study aimed to assess the existing worm control practices used by Australian alpaca farmers and to quantify the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against GINs of alpacas.Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted to assess current worm control practices on 97 Australian alpaca farms, with an emphasis on the use of anthelmintics. Of this group of 97 alpaca farms, 20 were selected to assess the efficacy of eight anthelmintics and/or their combinations (closantel, fenbendazole ivermectin, monepantel, moxidectin and a combination of levamisole, closantel, albendazole, abamectin) using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). A multiplexed-tandem PCR (MT-PCR) was used to identify the prevalent nematode genera/species.Results: The response rate for the questionnaire was 94% (91/97). Almost half of the respondents kept alpacas with sheep and cattle, and 26% of respondents allowed alpacas to co-graze with these ruminants. Although only 63% respondents perceived worms to be an important health concern for alpacas, the majority of respondents (89%) used anthelmintics to control GINs of alpacas. The commonly used anthelmintics were macrocyclic lactones, monepantel, benzimidazoles, levamisole, closantel and their combinations, and they were typically administered at the dose rate recommended for sheep. The FECRT results showed that a combination of levamisole, closantel, albendazole and abamectin was the most effective dewormer followed by single drugs, including monepantel, moxidectin, closantel, fenbendazole and ivermectin. Haemonchus spp. were the most commonly resistant nematodes followed by Trichostrongylus spp., Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia spp.Conclusions: This is the first study aimed at assessing worm control practices and efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics in alpacas in Australia. Our findings document the extent of anthelmintics resistance on Australian alpaca farms and identify those anthelmintics that are still effective against GINs of alpacas.