To Aid, Insurance, Transfer, or Control: What Drives the Welfare State?
To Aid, Insurance, Transfer, or Control: What Drives the Welfare State?
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援助、保险、转移或控制：福利国家的驱动力是什么？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Edward Castronova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edward Castronova
这篇论文使用了经合组织国家的面板数据来评估关于产生社会支出的力量的四种理论。这四种理论是：援助：福利国家是关于帮助穷人的。保险：福利国家为中产阶级选民的消费提供保险。转移：福利国家向政治上有权势的群体转移资金。控制：福利国家是关于控制下层阶级的行为。数据给出了以下等级：援助D-，保险C+，转移A-，控制D。这种评估是通过将社会支出在GDP中的份额与国家特征向量进行回归得出的。这些方法涉及联立方程固定效应模型，它们利用了增长文献中的一些最新创新，涉及对国家一级面板数据的处理。
The paper uses panel data on OECD countries to assess four theories about the forces that generate social spending. The four theories are: Aid: the Welfare State is about helping the poor. Insure: the Welfare State insures the consumption of middle-class voters. Transfer: the Welfare State transfers money to politically-powerful entitled groups. Control: the Welfare State is about controlling the behavior of the underclass. The data give the following grades: Aid D-, Insure C+, Transfer A-, Control D. This assessment is made by regressing the share of social spending in GDP on a vector of country characteristics. The methods involve simultaneous equation fixed-effects models, and they take advantage of some recent innovations in the growth literature involving the treatment of country-level panel data.