Improved Pseudorandom Generators for Depth 2 Circuits

Improved Pseudorandom Generators for Depth 2 Circuits
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改进的深度 2 电路伪随机发生器

DOI:
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
International Workshop and International Workshop on Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques
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通讯作者:
Madhur Tulsiani
Madhur Tulsiani
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Anindya De;Omid Etesami;Luca Trevisan;Madhur Tulsiani

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我们证明了存在一个多项式(n,m)时间可计算的伪随机生成器,它能以1/多项式(n,m)的精度“欺骗”具有n个变量和m个项的析取范式(DNF),并且种子长度为O(log₂(nm) ⋅ log log(nm))。此前,针对深度为2的电路的最佳伪随机生成器的种子长度为O(log³(nm)),由巴齐(Bazzi)提出(2007年美国计算机协会计算机科学基础研讨会(FOCS))。 从我们的证明可以得出,一个偏差为1/m^{O(log(mn))}的分布能以1/多项式(nm)的精度“欺骗”具有m个项和n个变量的析取范式。对于逆多项式区分概率,这个结果几乎是紧的,因为我们表明对于任意的m和δ,存在一个偏差为1/m^{Ω(log(1/δ))}的分布X和一个具有m个项的析取范式φ,使得X不能以δ的精度“欺骗”φ。 对于一次读取析取范式(read-once DNF)的情况,我们表明种子长度O(log(mn) ⋅ log(1/δ))就足够了,这对于较大的δ是一种改进。 从我们的证明还可以得出,一个偏差为1/m^{O(log(1/δ))}的分布能以δ的精度“欺骗”所有具有m个项的一次读取析取范式。我们通过构造一个偏差为1/m^{Ω(log(1/δ))}的分布,它不能以δ的精度“欺骗”某个具有m个项的一次读取析取范式,表明这个结果也几乎是紧的。
We prove the existence of a poly(n,m)-time computable pseudorandom generator which "1/poly(n,m)-fools" DNFs with n variables and m terms, and has seed length O(log2nm ċ log log nm). Previously, the best pseudorandom generator for depth-2 circuits had seed length O(log3 nm), and was due to Bazzi (FOCS 2007). It follows from our proof that a 1/mO(log mn)-biased distribution 1/poly(nm)-fools DNFs with m terms and n variables. For inverse polynomial distinguishing probability this is nearly tight because we show that for every m, δ there is a 1/mΩ(log 1/δ)-biased distribution X and a DNF φ with m terms such that φ is not δ-fooled by X. For the case of read-once DNFs, we show that seed length O(log mn ċ log 1/δ) suffices, which is an improvement for large δ. It also follows from our proof that a 1/mO(log 1/δ)-biased distribution δ-fools all read-once DNF with m terms. We show that this result too is nearly tight, by constructing a 1/mΩ(log 1/δ)-biased distribution that does not δ-fool a certain m-term read-once DNF.