Pathophysiology of the Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Endocrine System
Pathophysiology of the Effects of Alcohol Abuse on the Endocrine System
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Rachdaoui;D. Sarkar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Rachdaoui;D. Sarkar
酒精几乎可以渗透到身体的每个器官和组织，导致组织损伤和器官功能障碍。大量证据表明，酗酒会导致人体最重要的系统之一——内分泌系统的临床异常。该系统确保各个器官之间的适当沟通，还与免疫和神经系统连接，对于维持恒定的内部环境至关重要。内分泌系统包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1轴、下丘脑-垂体后叶轴，以及其他激素来源，例如内分泌胰腺和内分泌脂肪组织。酗酒会破坏所有这些系统，并导致荷尔蒙紊乱，从而可能导致各种疾病，例如压力不耐受、生殖功能障碍、甲状腺问题、免疫异常以及心理和行为障碍。对人类和动物模型的研究有助于阐明酒精对内分泌系统各个组成部分的影响及其后果。
Alcohol can permeate virtually every organ and tissue in the body, resulting in tissue injury and organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence indicates that alcohol abuse results in clinical abnormalities of one of the body’s most important systems, the endocrine system. This system ensures proper communication between various organs, also interfacing with the immune and nervous systems, and is essential for maintaining a constant internal environment. The endocrine system includes the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, and the hypothalamic–posterior pituitary axis, as well as other sources of hormones, such as the endocrine pancreas and endocrine adipose tissue. Alcohol abuse disrupts all of these systems and causes hormonal disturbances that may result in various disorders, such as stress intolerance, reproductive dysfunction, thyroid problems, immune abnormalities, and psychological and behavioral disorders. Studies in both humans and animal models have helped shed light on alcohol’s effects on various components of the endocrine system and their consequences.