Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota
Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01160.x
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Hewitt, GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hewitt, GM
人口结构是当前进程和过去历史的结果。分子标记在描述前者方面被证明具有很大的价值，同样确定后者以了解它们各自的贡献也很重要。对古气候的研究也取得了重大进展，特别是更新世冰期的研究，这大大改变了物种的分布范围。最后一个冰河时代和快速的欧洲冰川后殖民总结。可能的人口遗传的后果，从南部避难所向北扩展，并留在这些山区进行了讨论。最近的一系列案例研究偏离了DNA序列信息已被用来描述物种遗传变异和细分整个欧洲。这些动物包括蚱蜢、刺猬、橡树、普通山毛榉、黑桤木、棕熊、蝾螈、地鼠、水鼠、银冷杉和家鼠。这些分子数据证实了欧洲南部半岛是冰河时代的主要避难所，并且在大多数情况下表明，它们产生了遗传上不同的类群。因此，它们可以定义基因组差异，从而大大增加了以前的化石数据。避难所基因组在不同物种中对欧洲的再殖民化做出了不同的贡献，有三种广泛的模式被描述为范例“蚱蜢”，“刺猬”和“熊”。这些不同的扩张模式产生了它们相互接触的杂交区群，有人认为人类物种的基因组可能会被进一步神秘地细分。从欧洲南部到北方的等位基因变异和物种细分的程度的多样性减少，这是由于迅速向北扩张和南部避难所的地形变化，使人口通过几个冰河时代的分歧。DNA序列的差异表明，一些物种已经在避难所地区的几个冰河时代最多的分歧，而在其他物种的不同谱系表明更古老的分离。(C)1999年伦敦林奈学会。
Population structure is the result of both present processes and past history. Molecular markers are proving of great value in describing the former, and it is important to similarly determine the latter in order to understand their respective contributions. The study of palaeo-climates has also advanced significantly, and in particular that of the Pleistocene ice ages, which modified species ranges considerably. The last ice age and rapid post-glacial colonization of Europe is summarized. Possible population genetic consequences of expansion northward from southern refugia, and those of remaining in these mountainous regions are discussed. A series of recent case studies are derailed where DNA sequence information has been used to describe species genetic variation and subdivision across Europe. These include a grasshopper, the hedgehog, oak trees, the common beech, the black alder, the brown bear, newts, shrews, water vole, silver fir and house mice. These molecular data confirm southern peninsulas of Europe as major ice age refugia, and in most cases demonstrate that genetically distinct taxa emerged from them. They can thus define genomic differences and so,greatly augment previous fossil data. The refugial genomes contributed differently in various species to the re-colonization of Europe, with three broad patterns described as paradigms 'grasshopper', 'hedgehog' and 'bear'. These different expansion patterns produced clusters of hybrid zones where they made contact, and it is argued that man) species genomes may be further cryptically subdivided. A reduction in diversity from southern to northern Europe in the extent of allelic variation and species subdivision is seen; this is attributed to rapid expansion northward and the varied topography of southern refugia allowing populations to diverge through several ice ages. The differences in DNA sequence indicate that some species have been diverging in refugial regions for a few ice ages at most, whilst distinct lineages in other species suggest much more ancient separation. (C) 1999 The Linnean Society of London.