Population Control of Artificially Provisioned Japanese Monkeys
Population Control of Artificially Provisioned Japanese Monkeys
复制标题
人工饲养的日本猴的数量控制
DOI：
10.2354/psj.11.3_197
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Ono
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Sugiyama;T. Iwamoto;Y. Ono
日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）的数量在人工饲养条件下迅速增加。在高崎山，从1953年到1975年的22年间，当食物平均为618千卡/天/人时，它增加了6.9倍。为了控制人口增长，从1975年开始，供应量减少到334千卡/天/人，之后，直到1994年的19年里，供应量只增加了1.2倍。然而，猴子数量的增加继续破坏森林，它们吃主要食物树的果实、嫩枝和嫩叶。1990年森林中猴的年消费效率为8.7%，与非洲象接近。因此，植被类型正在从天然林转变。计算机模拟结果表明，当种群数量减少到目前的60%，人工饲料供给量为282千卡/天/头时，消费效率将下降到5.8%，种群数量基本保持稳定。目前有必要通过改变死亡率、出生率或两者来进一步操纵猴群。从动物福利和实验动物质量的角度来看，不应推荐大量散养猴用于生物医学实验。另一方面，要考虑对每一位骑自行车的女性进行临时节育。种群控制的原则是使种群参数保持在自然条件的水平上。
The number of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) has rapidly increased under artificially provisioned conditions. At Takasakiyama it increased by 6.9 times during 22 years from 1953 to 1975 when food was given at 618kcal/day/head on average. To control the population growth, provisioning was decreased to 334kcal/day/head from 1975, after which, it increased only by 1.2 times for 19 years until 1994. Destruction of the forest from the increased number of monkeys has continued, however, through eating fruits, shoots and young leaves of the main food trees. Yearly consumption effeciency of monkeys in the forest for 1990 was calculated as 8.7%, which is near to the African elephant. As a result, the vegetation type is changing from that of natural forest. Computer simulation revealed if the population decreases to 60% of its current size and 282kcal/day/head of artificial food is given, consumption efficiency will decrease to 5.8% and the population can be kept almost stable. Further manipulation of the monkey population is necessary at present by altering mortality, natality or both. Supply of many free-ranging monkeys to biomedical experiments should not be recommended from the stance of animal welfare and the quality of experimental animals. On the other hand, temporary birth-control of each cycling female is to be considered. The principle of population control is to keep population parameters at about the level of the natural condition.