Forgotten places : uneven development in rural America
Forgotten places : uneven development in rural America
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被遗忘的地方：美国农村发展不平衡
作者：
T. Lyson;W. Falk
从表面上看，他们看起来非常不同的崎岖北方新英格兰与其主要白色人口，干旱的下格兰德河河谷主要由西班牙裔居民，绿色和潮湿的密西西比三角洲与黑人和白色居民的混合。但在经济方面，他们有许多共同的财富。沿着其他以农村为主的地区，这些地区在许多方面都落后于美国其他地区，从就业机会和教育到医疗保健和生活条件。在《被遗忘的地方》一书中，托马斯·莱森和威廉·福尔克汇集了地区专家关于全国一些主要被遗忘地方的作品：北方新英格兰、下格兰德河河谷、三角洲、阿巴拉契亚、南部黑带、俄勒冈州的“法兰绒衬衫边疆”、奥扎克、密歇根州的上半岛和加州的乡村。在这些文章中，作者关注的问题是，在收入和生活水平调查中，这些地区低于全国平均水平。虽然困境各不相同--废除前的种姓制度保留在密西西比三角洲;从木材到铅的消耗性资源在密歇根州的昂托纳贡和俄勒冈州的奥克里奇等地几乎消耗殆尽;以及在加州利用低收入移民劳动力的大型农业经营，但困境往往是相同的。高文盲率、没有出路的工作、缺乏适当的保健、住房条件差、缺乏工业和资本以及无法影响政府政策，往往使许多人在被遗忘的地方陷入贫穷的恶性循环。每一章，侧重于一个不同的地区，探讨为什么该地区在经济增长的时代萎靡不振;什么社会，经济和政治力量造成了不平衡的发展和贫困;政府做了什么，以减轻不平衡的发展和缺乏机会;目前的社会和经济条件;和当地的尝试，以加强经济发展。在深入研究了过去和现在，原因和后果之后，作者推测了未来可能会发生什么。"
On the surface they look very different rugged northern New England with its primarily White population, the arid Lower Rio Grande Valley inhabited mainly by Hispanics, the green and humid Mississippi Delta with a mix of Black and White residents. But when it comes to economics, they have much in common fortune passed them by. Along with other predominantly rural regions, these areas have fallen behind the rest of the United States in many ways, from job opportunity and education to health care and living conditions. In Forgotten Places, Thomas Lyson and William Falk have brought together works by regional experts on some of the major forgotten places throughout the country: northern New England, the Lower Rio Grande Valley, the Delta, Appalachia, the southern Black belt, the "flannel shirt frontier" of Oregon, the Ozarks, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and rural California. In these essays, the authors focus on problems that keep the regions below the national average in income and standard-of-living surveys. Although the dilemmas vary a pre-abolition caste system retained in the Mississippi Delta; expendable resources from lumber to lead that have been nearly expended in such places as Ontonagon, Michigan and Oakridge, Oregon; and large farming operations that utilize low-paid, immigrant labor in California the predicaments are often the same. High illiteracy, dead-end jobs, lack of adequate health care, poor housing conditions, lack of industry and capital, and inability to influence government policy have too often perpetuated a vicious circle of poverty for many people in forgotten places. Each chapter, focusing on a different region, examines why the area languished during an era of economic growth; what social, economic, and political forces contributed to uneven development and poverty; what government has done to alleviate uneven development and lack of opportunity; current social and economic conditions; and locally based attempts to enhance economic development. And after delving into the past and present, the causes and the consequences, the authors speculate on what the future may bear."