Temporary elevation of the intraocular pressure by cauterization of vortex and episcleral veins in rats causes functional deficits in the retina and optic nerve
Temporary elevation of the intraocular pressure by cauterization of vortex and episcleral veins in rats causes functional deficits in the retina and optic nerve
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DOI：
10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00089-7
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sonea, IM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grozdanic, SD;Betts, DM;Sonea, IM
目的。评估慢性眼内压（IOP）升高大鼠的视功能。方法。通过烧灼 3 条涡静脉和 2 条主要巩膜外静脉，在 14 只成年棕色挪威大鼠的左眼中诱发慢性高眼压症：右眼作为未手术对照。对照组（n = 5）对左眼进行假手术。手术前，用 Tonopen 测量眼压，用定制的计算机瞳孔计评估瞳孔光反射 (PLR)，并在术后同时记录双眼视网膜电图 (ERG)：术后第 1、3、5 和 8 周测量眼压，术后第 1、4 和 8 周测量瞳孔光反射，术后第 4 和 8 周测量 ERG。术后六十五天，对大鼠实施安乐死，并制备视神经和眼球用于组织学分析。结果。手术后 7 天，5/14 只大鼠的手术眼 IOP 显着升高（对照眼：25.1 +/- 0.5mmHg；手术眼：34.1 +/- 0.6mmHg；平均值 +/- SEM；p = 0.0004；配对 t 检验）。术后 3 (p = 0.002) 和 5 (p = 0.007) 周眼压持续升高。然而，术后 8 周，对照眼和手术眼之间的 IOP 值没有显着差异（p = 0.192，配对 t 检验）。假手术动物术后7天眼压没有升高。当在眼压升高的大鼠中检查同意和直接 PLR 之间的比率（PLRratio = 同意/直接 PLR；记录未手术眼的瞳孔）时，术前值为 92.2 +/- 4%（平均值 +/- SEM），术后 1 周为 65 +/- 4%（与术前值显着不同，p < 0.05 使用 Dunnett 多重比较检验进行重复测量方差分析，n = 5)，术后 4 周为 60.6 +/- 3.2% (p < 0.01，n = 5)。术后 8 周，瞳孔反应基本恢复 75.4 +/- 6.9%（p > 0.05，n = 5）。术后眼压值未升高的大鼠和假手术大鼠在术后4周均未出现瞳孔缺陷。眼压升高的大鼠在手术后 4 周时显示 ERG 振幅显着下降（a 波（手术）/a 波（对照）（a 波比率）42 +/- 14%（平均值 +/- SEM）；b 波（手术）/b 波（对照）（b 波比率）= 43 +/- 16%），但术后 8 周则没有显着下降（a 波比率 88 +/- 8.4%； b 波比率 = 82.9 +/- 9%）。假手术和手术后 IOP 值保持不升高的大鼠在手术后 4 周没有出现 ERG 缺陷。组织学分析没有发现眼内压升高的动物的眼睛有任何损伤，但一只大鼠除外，该大鼠在实验结束时仍然存在ERG和瞳孔缺陷。结论。在慢性高眼压大鼠模型中，ERG 和 PLR 缺陷的发展与 IOP 的升高成正比。 ERG 和 PLR 的功能监测是检测视网膜和视神经缺陷的有用客观技术。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Purpose. To evaluate visual function in rats with chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods. Chronic ocular hypertension was induced in the left eye of 14 adult Brown Norway rats by cauterizing 3 vortex veins and 2 major episcleral veins: the right eye served as a non-operated control. A control group (n = 5) was sham operated on the left eye. Prior to surgery, the IOP was measured with a Tonopen, the pupil light reflex (PLR) evaluated with a custom-made computerized pupillometer and electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded simultaneously from both eyes post surgically: IOP was measured on weeks 1, 3, 5 and 8 post-operatively, pupil light reflexes on weeks 1, 4 and 8 post-operatively, and ERGs on weeks 4 and 8 post-operatively. Sixty five days postoperatively, rats were euthanized and optic nerves and eye globes were prepared for histological analysis.Results. Seven days after surgery 5/14 rats developed significant elevation of the IOP in operated eyes (control eyes: 25.1 +/- 0.5mmHg; operated eyes: 34.1 +/- 0.6mmHg; mean +/- SEM; p = 0.0004; Paired t-test). Elevation of the IOP was sustained at 3 (p = 0.002) and 5 (p = 0.007) weeks postoperatively. However, IOP values did not significantly differ between control and operated eyes 8 weeks postoperatively (p = 0.192, Paired t-test). Sham operated animals showed no elevation of the IOP 7 days postoperatively. When the ratio between consensual and direct PLR (PLRratio = consensual/direct PLR; pupil of unoperated eye recorded) was examined in rats which developed elevation of the IOP, preoperative values were 92.2 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM), 1 week postoperatively 65 +/- 4% (significantly different from preoperative values, p < 0.05 Repeated Measures ANOVA with Dunnett's Multiple Comparison test, n = 5), 4 weeks postoperatively 60.6 +/- 3.2% (p < 0.01, n = 5). By 8 weeks postoperatively, pupil responses had essentially recovered 75.4 +/- 6.9% (p > 0.05, n = 5). Rats whose IOP values did not rise after surgery and sham operated rats did not develop pupil deficits 4 weeks postoperatively. Rats with elevated IOP displayed a significant decrease in ERG amplitudes in operated eyes at 4 weeks (a-wave(operated)/a-wave(control) (a-wave ratio) 42 +/- 14% (mean +/- SEM); b-wave(operated)/b-wave(control) (b-wave ratio) = 43 +/- 16%) but not at 8 weeks postoperatively (a-wave ratio 88 +/- 8.4%; b-wave ratio = 82.9 +/- 9%). Sham operated and rats whose IOP values remained non-elevated after surgery did not develop ERG deficits 4 weeks after surgery. Histological analysis did not reveal any damage in the eyes of animals with elevated intraocular ocular pressure with the exception of one rat, which still had ERG and pupil deficits at the end of experiment.Conclusions. Development of ERG and PLR deficits are proportional to the elevation of the IOP in the rat model of chronic ocular hypertension. Functional monitoring of the ERG and PLR are useful objective techniques for the detection of retina and optic nerve deficits. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.