Cortical plasticity, excitatory-inhibitory balance, and sensory perception.
Cortical plasticity, excitatory-inhibitory balance, and sensory perception.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-63327-9.00003-5
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Froemke, Robert C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carcea, Ioana;Froemke, Robert C.
经历塑造了一生中的中枢神经系统。结构和功能的可塑性赋予大脑一种非凡的能力，使神经回路能够充分适应动态环境。这一过程可能需要以有组织的方式选择性地调整许多兴奋性和抑制性突触，以增强对行为重要感觉刺激的表征，同时保持整个网络的兴奋性。在不同的突触和整个神经元集合中协调这些变化的规则和机制正在开始被理解。在这里，我们回顾了将突触可塑性与功能可塑性和知觉学习联系起来的证据，重点介绍了各种神经调节系统在使成人神经回路可塑性中所起的作用。然而，挑战仍然是适当地利用这些系统和形式的可塑性来持续地提高感知能力和行为表现。
Experience shapes the central nervous system throughout life. Structural and functional plasticity confers a remarkable ability on the brain, allowing neural circuits to adequately adapt to dynamic environments. This process can require selective adjustment of many excitatory and inhibitory synapses in an organized manner, in such a way as to enhance representations of behaviorally important sensory stimuli while preserving overall network excitability. The rules and mechanisms that orchestrated these changes across different synapses and throughout neuronal ensembles are beginning to be understood. Here, we review the evidence connecting synaptic plasticity to functional plasticity and perceptual learning, focusing on the roles of various neuromodulatory systems in enabling plasticity of adult neural circuits. However, the challenge remains to appropriately leverage these systems and forms of plasticity to persistently improve perceptual abilities and behavioral performance.