HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Eastern Europe: Recent Developments in the Russian Federation and Ukraine Among Women
HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Eastern Europe: Recent Developments in the Russian Federation and Ukraine Among Women
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DOI：
10.1016/j.genm.2009.04.009
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kruglov, Yury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burruano, Larissa;Kruglov, Yury
背景：俄罗斯联邦和乌克兰是艾滋病毒病例增长最快的东欧国家。根据联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署的数据，2006年东欧新报告的艾滋病毒诊断中，近90%来自俄罗斯联邦（66%）和乌克兰（21%）。越来越多的妇女感染了艾滋病毒。性别对HIV/AIDS的影响是了解东欧HIV/AIDS流行的发展和演变的一个重要因素。目的：本研究的目的是评估将性别考虑纳入HIV项目创建的重要性，并检查性别对HIV/AIDS的影响。方法：分析了乌克兰艾滋病预防中心官方流行病学登记处报告的艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例以及俄罗斯联邦艾滋病中心的数据。审查和分析了联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署的国家概况介绍，并补充了已发表的艾滋病毒流行率和性传播疾病病例报告信息、未发表的报告和专家评估。在俄罗斯联邦新登记的艾滋病毒病例中，妇女所占比例从1995年的13.0%上升到2006年的44.0%，乌克兰从1995年的37.2%上升到2006年的41.9%。自1995年以来，母婴传播艾滋病毒的情况也大幅增加。1987年至1994年，乌克兰新感染艾滋病毒的人中儿童的比例为2.2%; 2006年为17.6%。2006年，乌克兰登记了16 078例新的艾滋病毒病例，俄罗斯联邦登记了39 652例新的艾滋病毒病例。感染艾滋病毒的妇女人数大幅增加，从这两个countries.Conclusions：在这项研究中检查的数据表明，在俄罗斯联邦和乌克兰的艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病的规模和性别的影响的重要性的分区域差异艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病在妇女和育龄妇女之间的迅速蔓延。为了保护妇女不受艾滋病毒感染，必须设法通过执行政策和具体预防措施，增加妇女获得艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识的机会，增强妇女的能力;增强妇女的能力对于扭转艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行至关重要。(Gend 2009;6：277-289）（C）2009 Excerpta Medica Inc.
Background: The Russian Federation and the Ukraine are among the Eastern European countries with the fastest growing number of cases of HIV. According to data from the Joint United Nations Program oil HIV/AIDS, nearly 90% of newly reported HIV diagnoses in Eastern Europe in 2006 were from the Russian Federation (66%) and the Ukraine (21%). A growing number of women are infected with HIV. The impact of gender on HIV/AIDS is an important factor in understanding the development and evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Eastern Europe.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the importance of integrating gender consideration into the creation of HIV programs and to examine the effect of gender on HIV/AIDS.Methods: Reported HIV/AIDS cases from the official epidemiological register of the Ukrainian Centre for AIDS Prevention alongside data from the Russian Federal AIDS Center were analyzed. Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS country fact sheets were reviewed and analyzed, and this information was supplemented with published HIV prevalence and sexually transmitted disease case reporting information, unpublished reports, and expert evaluations.Results: Of the newly registered cases of HIV, the proportion of women rose from 13.0% in 1995 to 44.0% in 2006 in the Russian Federation, and from 37.2% in 1995 to 41.9% in 2006 in the Ukraine. There has also been a considerable increase in mother-to-child transmission of HIV since 1995. Between 1987 and 1994, the proportion of children among the people newly infected with HIV in the Ukraine was 2.2%; in 2006 it was 17.6%. In 2006, 16,078 new HIV cases were registered in the Ukraine and 39,652 new HIV cases in the Russian Federation. Large increases in the number of HIV-infected women were reported from both countries.Conclusions: The data examined in this study suggest subregional differences in the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Russian Federation and the Ukraine and the importance of the impact of gender on the rapid spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among women and women of child-bearing age. To protect women from HIV infection, it is important to find ways to empower them by implementing policies and specific prevention measures that increase their access to knowledge about HIV/AIDS; the empowerment of women is vital to reversing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. (Gend Med. 2009;6:277-289) (C) 2009 Excerpta Medica Inc.