So many visitors and so few pollinators: variation in insect frequency and effectiveness governs the reproductive success of an endemic milkwort
So many visitors and so few pollinators: variation in insect frequency and effectiveness governs the reproductive success of an endemic milkwort
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DOI：
10.1007/s11258-013-0247-1
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Navarro, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castro, Silvia;Loureiro, Joao;Navarro, Luis
植物与传粉者的相互作用是影响植物适合度的最重要的互惠关系之一。本研究通过研究连续三年三个种群中花访客的时间变异性、觅食行为和有效性，评估了地方性远志（Polygala vayredae）与花访客之间的相互作用。这些花被各种各样的昆虫访问，总共有24种不同的昆虫。然而，只有四个物种是有效的传粉者，一次访问后将花粉沉积在柱头上，而其余的物种表现为花蜜强盗，二次花蜜强盗或花蜜小偷，完全无效的授粉。在有效的传粉者中，观察到两组具有不同的觅食行为：花蜜收集长舌蜂熊蜂pascuorum和Anthophora SP。和花粉收集器Eucera longicornis和Halictus SP。没有显着差异，观察传粉者在柱头上的花粉沉积的效率，但显着差异之间的觅食行为之间的花蜜和花粉收集器。在时间尺度上和种群之间观察到花访客的丰度和组合的变化，有效的传粉者普遍缺乏。因此，在这个物种的生殖结果是低的，显着变量之间的人口和年。结果强调了研究花访客的有效性时，确定传粉者组合的重要性。
Plant-pollinator interactions are one of the most important and variable mutualisms having major implications for plant fitness. The present study evaluates the interactions between an endemic milkwort, Polygala vayredae, and its floral visitors by studying the temporal variability, foraging behaviour and effectiveness of floral visitors in three populations during three consecutive years. The flowers were visited by a diverse array of insects, totalling 24 different species. However, only four species were effective pollinators, depositing pollen on stigmas after one visit, while the remaining species behaved as nectar robbers, secondary nectar robbers or nectar thieves and were completely ineffective for pollination. Among the effective pollinators, two groups with distinct foraging behaviours were observed: the nectar collecting long-tongued bees Bombus pascuorum and Anthophora sp. and the pollen collectors Eucera longicornis and Halictus sp. No significant differences were observed among pollinators in their efficiency in pollen deposition on stigmas, but significant differences were observed in the foraging behaviour between nectarivorous and pollen collectors. Variation in the abundance and assemblage of floral visitors was observed at the temporal scale and among populations, with the effective pollinators being generally scarce. Consequently, the reproductive outcome in this species was low and significantly variable among populations and years. The results highlight the importance of studying floral visitor effectiveness when determining pollinator assemblages.