Addressing Inequities in Urban Health: Do Decision-Makers Have the Data They Need? Report from the Urban Health Data Special Session at International Conference on Urban Health Dhaka 2015
Addressing Inequities in Urban Health: Do Decision-Makers Have the Data They Need? Report from the Urban Health Data Special Session at International Conference on Urban Health Dhaka 2015
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-016-0046-9
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Newell, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elsey, H.;Thomson, D. R.;Newell, J.
低收入和中等收入国家快速和不受控制的城市化正在导致城市穷人人数不断增加，这里定义为贫民窟居民和无家可归者。据估计，目前有8.28亿人生活在贫民窟条件下。如果政府、捐助者和非政府组织要应对这些日益严重的不平等，他们需要充分代表城市最贫困人口以及社会经济领域其他人需求的数据。我们报告了达卡2015年国际城市健康大会特别会议的结果。我们提出了一个概述的需要对城市健康的规划和分配资源，以解决城市不平等的数据。这些数据需要提供关于全国城乡地区之间、城市社区之间和城市社区内部差异的信息。我们讨论的数据最常见的国家和市级政府，捐助者和非政府组织的工作人员的局限性。特别是，我们评估，参考世界卫生组织的城市心脏工具，在家庭调查的设计，了解城市卫生inequations.Then，我们提出了两种新的方法，旨在改善城市最贫穷的健康信息的挑战。第一个项目在设计和实施住户调查时使用网格人口抽样技术，第二个项目将城市HEART改造成一种参与性办法，使贫民窟居民能够评估各项指标，同时规划应对措施。我们认为，如果要像可持续发展目标11所阐述的那样，在实现包容、安全、有复原力和可持续的城市方面取得进展，那么了解城市卫生不平等是政府、捐助者、非政府组织和社区有效应对的重要先决条件。
Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation across low and middle-income countries is leading to ever expanding numbers of urban poor, defined here as slum dwellers and the homeless. It is estimated that 828 million people are currently living in slum conditions. If governments, donors and NGOs are to respond to these growing inequities they need data that adequately represents the needs of the urban poorest as well as others across the socio-economic spectrum.We report on the findings of a special session held at the International Conference on Urban Health, Dhaka 2015. We present an overview of the need for data on urban health for planning and allocating resources to address urban inequities. Such data needs to provide information on differences between urban and rural areas nationally, between and within urban communities. We discuss the limitations of data most commonly available to national and municipality level government, donor and NGO staff. In particular we assess, with reference to the WHO's Urban HEART tool, the challenges in the design of household surveys in understanding urban health inequities.We then present two novel approaches aimed at improving the information on the health of the urban poorest. The first uses gridded population sampling techniques within the design and implementation of household surveys and the second adapts Urban HEART into a participatory approach which enables slum residents to assess indicators whilst simultaneously planning the response. We argue that if progress is to be made towards inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities, as articulated in Sustainable Development Goal 11, then understanding urban health inequities is a vital pre-requisite to an effective response by governments, donors, NGOs and communities.