Ice formation in ash‐influenced clouds after the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April 2010
Ice formation in ash‐influenced clouds after the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April 2010
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2010 年 4 月埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山喷发后，受火山灰影响的云层中结冰
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Wiegner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Seifert;A. Ansmann;S. Groß;V. Freudenthaler;B. Heinold;A. Hiebsch;I. Mattis;Jörg Schmidt;F. Schnell;M. Tesche;U. Wandinger;M. Wiegner
[1]本文根据90个实测云例，研究了火山灰对对流层云非均匀冰成核的影响。在欧洲中部的两个EARLINET站莱比锡（51.3°N，12.4°E）和迈萨赫（48.2°N，11.3°E，慕尼黑西北25公里），德国，在2010年4月冰岛Eyjafjallajokull火山强烈喷发产生的火山气溶胶层中，用偏振激光雷达观测到了云层。讨论了边界层积云和具有异常行为的长期对流层自由云事件（混合相云复合体，卷云甲板）的演变案例研究。观察到明显的灰分影响。由激光雷达观测得到的冰核浓度在边界层中估计为每升2-20个，在卷云水平上估计为每升100-300个。基于90个评估云案例的统计分析显示，所有观测到的云顶温度低于-15 °C的云层都含有冰。通常情况下（在非火山气溶胶条件下），在欧洲中部的温度降至-25 °C以下之前，不会达到如此高比例的含冰云。
[1] The influence of volcanic ash on heterogeneous ice nucleation in tropospheric clouds is investigated on the basis of 90 observed cloud cases. The clouds were observed with polarization lidars at the two central-European EARLINET stations Leipzig (51.3°N, 12.4°E) and Maisach (48.2°N, 11.3°E, 25 km northwest of Munich), Germany, in volcanic aerosol layers which originated from the strong eruptions of the Icelandic Eyjafjallajokull volcano in April 2010. Case studies of evolving boundary layer cumuli and long-lasting free tropospheric cloud events with unusual behavior (mixed-phase cloud complex, cirrus deck) are discussed. A clear impact of ash is observed. The ice nuclei concentration derived from the lidar observations has been estimated to range from 2–20 per liter in the boundary layer and from 100–300 per liter at cirrus level. The statistical analysis based on the 90 evaluated cloud cases revealed that all observed cloud layers with cloud top temperatures of below −15°C contained ice. Typically (under non-volcanic aerosol conditions) such a high fraction of ice-containing clouds is not reached before temperatures decrease below −25°C over central Europe.