QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS IN GENERAL-PRACTICE AND PRIMARY-CARE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS IN GENERAL-PRACTICE AND PRIMARY-CARE
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DOI：
10.1093/fampra/12.1.104
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发表时间：
1995-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
STACY, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRITTEN, N;JONES, R;STACY, R
在过去的三十年里，全科医学的研究有了很大的发展。在此期间，英国医学院建立了全科医学大学系，这些系正变得越来越多学科。早期的全科医生研究人员关注的是描述全科医生的独特特征，包括服务的组织和提供、工作量的测量、处方和转诊活动以及初级保健中遇到的发病率模式。然而，即使在这个早期阶段，医患关系和咨询被确定为全科医生工作的核心组成部分，因此，尽管经常是描述性的，但对定性和定量方法的需求的认识已经贯穿全科实践作为一门学科的发展。“有了坚实的学术基础和大量的文献，20世纪90年代的全科医学研究解决了广泛的初级保健研究问题。”其中包括全科医生所遇到的疾病的发病率调查、流行病学和自然史研究。其他方法着眼于在不同环境下和由不同卫生保健工作者组成的人员提供护理的结构和过程。还有一项研究考虑了各种干预措施和提供护理的模式的结果，包括那些对健康、经济和政策有影响的干预措施和模式，以及对功能状况的评价。这些研究方向的主要特点是以病人为中心的方法，以及社会和行为科学家以及更多传统医学研究人员的参与。事实上，20世纪90年代全科医学研究的许多重点，如促进健康、预防、为少数群体提供服务以及关于研究与行为改变之间联系的问题，都需要与早期使用的模型大不相同的模型
Research in general practice has evolved considerably over the last three decades. During that time British medical schools have established university departments of general practice which are becoming increasingly multi-disciplinary. Early general practice researchers were concerned with describing the distinctive features of general practice, including the organisation and provision of services, measurements of workload, prescribing and referral activity and the patterns of morbidity encountered in primary care. However, even at this early stage, the doctor-patient relationship and the consultation were identified as the central components of the work of general practitioners so that an awareness of the need for qualitative as well as quantitative approaches, albeit frequently descriptive, has existed throughout the development of general practice as an academic discipline.'With a firm academic base and a substantial literature, general practice research in the 1990s addresses a wide range of research issues in primary care. These include morbidity surveys, epidemiology and natural history studies of the disorders encountered by general practitioners. Other approaches have looked at the structure and process of care provided in different settings and by different configurations of health care workers. There is also research which considers the outcomes of various interventions and models of the delivery of care, including those which have health economic and policy implications and evaluations of functional status. Key features of these research directions have been a patient centred approach and the involvement of social and behavioural scientists as well as more traditional medical researchers. Indeed many of the preoccupations of general practice research in the 1990s, such as health promotion, prevention, services for minority groups and questions about the links between research and behavioural change, require models which are quite different from those employed in early