Foraging in a hierarchical patch system
Foraging in a hierarchical patch system
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DOI：
10.1086/303203
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fauchald, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fauchald, P
本文提出了一个随机层次斑块系统中觅食者搜寻猎物的模型，在该系统中，小尺度上的高密度斑块嵌套在较大尺度上的低密度斑块中。为了跟踪系统，觅食者在大规模斑块内使用长的旅行距离，在小规模斑块内使用短的旅行距离。觅食者根据最近的经验估计自己在系统中的位置，并相应地改变搜索模式。根据海洋浮游系统的磷虾和学校的鱼，捕食系统的缩放进行了调整，并模拟不同的猎物丰度和猎物聚集的觅食。该模型表明，跟踪效率，定义为觅食的系统内的平均位置，增加猎物丰度。此外，该模型表明，最大的跟踪效率被发现在中间的猎物聚集和跟踪效率下降的聚集以上和以下这一点。该模型表明，一个结构良好的层次补丁系统与高一般猎物密度可能会增加信息流，因此，捕食者的跟踪效率。有人建议，这些结果可能适用于广泛的系统中捕食者跟踪不可预测的层次补丁系统。
This study presents a model of a forager searching for prey in a stochastic hierarchical patch system where high-density patches at small scales are nested within low-density patches at larger scales. In order to track the system, the forager uses long travel distances within large-scale patches and short travel distances within small-scale patches. The forager estimates its position in the system according to recent experience and changes its search pattern accordingly. The scaling of the prey system was adapted according to marine pelagic systems of krill and schooling fish, and a forager was simulated for varying prey abundance and prey aggregation. The model suggests that tracking efficiency, defined as the forager's mean position within the system, increases for increasing prey abundance. Furthermore, the model suggests that maximum tracking efficiency is found at intermediate prey aggregations and that tracking efficiency decreases for aggregations above and below this point. The model demonstrates that a well-structured hierarchical patch system with high general prey density might potentially increase the information flow and, hence, the tracking efficiency of a predator. It is suggested that these results might be applicable to a wide array of systems where predators track unpredictable hierarchical patch systems.