Stereotype threat can reduce older adults' memory errors
Stereotype threat can reduce older adults' memory errors
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DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2013.840656
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Mather, Mara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber, Sarah J.;Mather, Mara
刻板印象威胁通常会导致老年人准确回忆信息量的减少。在目前的研究中，我们测试了刻板印象威胁是否也有利于记忆。根据刻板印象威胁的调节焦点解释，威胁诱导了一种预防焦点，在这种预防焦点中，人们变得关心避免犯错误，并且对环境中存在或不存在损失敏感。正因为如此，我们预测刻板印象威胁可能会减少老年人的记忆错误。结果与这一预测一致。在自由回忆测试（实验1和2）中，刻板印象威胁下的老年人入侵率较低。他们还减少了误报，并在识别测试（实验2）中采用了更保守的反应标准。因此，刻板印象威胁可以减少老年人的错误记忆，尽管以减少真实记忆为代价。
Stereotype threat often incurs the cost of reducing the amount of information that older adults accurately recall. In the current research, we tested whether stereotype threat can also benefit memory. According to the regulatory focus account of stereotype threat, threat induces a prevention focus in which people become concerned with avoiding errors of commission and are sensitive to the presence or absence of losses within their environment. Because of this, we predicted that stereotype threat might reduce older adults' memory errors. Results were consistent with this prediction. Older adults under stereotype threat had lower intrusion rates during free-recall tests (Experiments 1 and 2). They also reduced their false alarms and adopted more conservative response criteria during a recognition test (Experiment 2). Thus, stereotype threat can decrease older adults' false memories, albeit at the cost of fewer veridical memories, as well.