Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Fitness Penalty in Herbicide Resistant Brachypodium hybridum.
Effects of Environmental Conditions on the Fitness Penalty in Herbicide Resistant Brachypodium hybridum.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00094
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Peleg Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frenkel E;Matzrafi M;Rubin B;Peleg Z
除草剂抗性突变可能会在无除草剂的环境中施加适应性惩罚。此外，与除草剂抗性相关的适合度惩罚不是一个稳定的参数，并且可以受到生态因子的影响。在这里，我们使用了两个短柄草加入收集从同一人工林，敏感（S）和目标网站的光系统II（PSII）抑制剂的抗性（TSR），研究农业生态参数对适合度惩罚的影响。这两份材料都是在同一生境中收集的，因此，我们可以假设它们之间的遗传变异相对较低。这使我们能够专注于PSII TSR对植物适合度的影响。S植物的谷粒显著大于TSR植物的谷粒，这与较高的发芽率有关。在低辐射条件下，TSR植株相对于S植株表现出明显的适合度惩罚。当两种植物在低光环境中生长在一起时，S植物表现出优势。与以前的研究相比，在强光环境下，我们的TSR加入没有显示出任何显着差异，健身相比，S加入。与S加入相比，氮缺乏对R有显著影响，并表现为显著的产量降低。TSR植物也表达了较高的健身罚款，相对于S植物，当生长在与小麦植物的竞争。两个进化的情况可以建议来解释TSR和S植物在同一生境中的共存。PSII抑制剂的应用可能产生了选择性的压力对TSR占主导地位的除草剂的应用终止了生态优势，S植物，种子库的组成产生变化。另外，在地中海气候中发现的高辐射强度可能会减少与TSR相关的健身惩罚。我们的研究结果可能表明，通过将非除草剂的方法纳入杂草管理计划，我们可以降低与除草剂抗性相关的农业成本。
Herbicide-resistance mutations may impose a fitness penalty in herbicide-free environments. Moreover, the fitness penalty associated with herbicide resistance is not a stable parameter and can be influenced by ecological factors. Here, we used two Brachypodium hybridum accessions collected from the same planted forest, sensitive (S) and target-site resistance (TSR) to photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors, to study the effect of agro-ecological parameters on fitness penalty. Both accessions were collected in the same habitat, thus, we can assume that the genetic variance between them is relatively low. This allow us to focus on the effect of PSII TSR on plant fitness. S plants grains were significantly larger than those of the TSR plants and this was associated with a higher rate of germination. Under low radiation, the TSR plants showed a significant fitness penalty relative to S plants. S plants exhibiting dominance when both types of plants were grown together in a low-light environment. In contrast to previous documented studies, under high-light environment our TSR accession didn’t show any significant difference in fitness compared to the S accession. Nitrogen deficiency had significant effect on the R compared to the S accession and was demonstrated in significant yield reduction. TSR plants also expressed a high fitness penalty, relative to the S plants, when grown in competition with wheat plants. Two evolutionary scenarios can be suggested to explain the coexistence of both TSR and S plants in the same habitat. The application of PSII inhibitors may have created selective pressure toward TSR dominancy; termination of herbicide application gave an ecological advantage to S plants, creating changes in the composition of the seed bank. Alternatively, the high radiation intensities found in the Mediterranean-like climate may reduce the fitness penalty associated with TSR. Our results may suggest that by integrating non-herbicidal approaches into weed-management programs, we can reduce the agricultural costs associated with herbicide resistance.