Selective ensembles in supported palladium sulfide nanoparticles for alkyne semi-hydrogenation.

Selective ensembles in supported palladium sulfide nanoparticles for alkyne semi-hydrogenation.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-05052-4
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发表时间:
2018-07-06
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Pérez-Ramírez J
Pérez-Ramírez J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Albani D;Shahrokhi M;Chen Z;Mitchell S;Hauert R;López N;Pérez-Ramírez J

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几十年来,人们一直在大力研究集成控制,以寻找工业有机合成中用于炔烃部分加氢的林德拉催化剂(PdPb/CaCO₃)的可持续替代品。尽管几何和电子要求是已知的,但文献调研表明,将这些知识转化为一种高效且稳定的催化剂是困难的。在此,我们报道了一种用硫化钠水溶液对石墨相氮化碳负载的钯纳米粒子进行的简单处理方法,该方法可引导形成具有可控晶体取向的纳米结构Pd₃S相,在液相炔烃的半加氢反应中表现出无与伦比的性能。这种优异的性能与硫的多功能作用有关。除了确定一种整合了空间隔离的钯三聚体(活性集成体)的结构外,改性剂还赋予了一种双功能机制以及有机中间体的弱结合作用。在Pd₄S中也发现了类似的金属三聚体,证明了这些选择性集成体在负载型硫化钯中普遍存在。 开发用于炔烃半加氢的稳定催化剂仍然是一个挑战。在此,作者介绍了一种可扩展的方案,用于制备氮化碳负载的晶相和取向可控的Pd₃S纳米粒子,由于具有高密度的活性和选择性集成体,其在半加氢反应中表现出无与伦比的性能。
Ensemble control has been intensively pursued for decades to identify sustainable alternatives to the Lindlar catalyst (PdPb/CaCO3) applied for the partial hydrogenation of alkynes in industrial organic synthesis. Although the geometric and electronic requirements are known, a literature survey illustrates the difficulty of transferring this knowledge into an efficient and robust catalyst. Here, we report a simple treatment of palladium nanoparticles supported on graphitic carbon nitride with aqueous sodium sulfide, which directs the formation of a nanostructured Pd3S phase with controlled crystallographic orientation, exhibiting unparalleled performance in the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes in the liquid phase. The exceptional behavior is linked to the multifunctional role of sulfur. Apart from defining a structure integrating spatially-isolated palladium trimers, the active ensembles, the modifier imparts a bifunctional mechanism and weak binding of the organic intermediates. Similar metal trimers are also identified in Pd4S, evidencing the pervasiveness of these selective ensembles in supported palladium sulfides. Developing robust catalysts for alkyne semi-hydrogenation remains a challenge. Here, the authors introduce a scalable protocol to prepare crystal phase and orientation controlled Pd3S nanoparticles supported on carbon nitride, exhibiting unparalleled semi-hydrogenation performance due to a high density of active and selective ensembles.
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