The Influence of Playing Surfaces on the Load on the Locomotor System and on Football and Tennis Injuries
The Influence of Playing Surfaces on the Load on the Locomotor System and on Football and Tennis Injuries
复制标题
比赛场地对运动系统负荷以及足球和网球损伤的影响
作者：
Benno M. Nigg;B. Segesser
本文的目的是讨论两种选定的运动项目，美式足球和网球，运动表面对作用在人体上的力和力矩的影响，以及它们可能造成的伤害。本文通过文献资料和调查研究，对美式足球运动中运动场地对运动损伤的影响进行了综述，得出结论：人造草坪运动场地比天然草坪运动场地更容易发生非严重损伤。然而，严重的伤害似乎发生在天然草坪上的频率与人造草坪上的频率一样高。据推测，决定摩擦力的鞋-表面组合与伤害频率有关，即摩擦阻力越高，伤害频率越高。网球表面已被证明显着影响网球伤害的发生和频率。在“粘土”和“合成砂”上的伤害频率显著低于其他选定的人工表面。据推测，损伤频率的差异与表面摩擦特性的差异直接相关。低摩擦阻力的表面比高摩擦阻力的表面造成的损伤要少，因此，在研究运动中急性和/或慢性疼痛和损伤的病因学时，表面的摩擦特性是主要考虑因素之一。令人惊讶的是，表面的顺应性或刚度与特定比赛表面上的受伤频率无关。然而，据推测，表面的顺应性是研究慢性损伤时必须考虑的一个因素。
SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of playing surfaces on the forces and moments acting on the human body and the injuries they may cause for 2 selected sports activities, American football and tennis. The review is based on data from the literature and from our own investigations.A review of the effect of sports surfaces on injuries in American football leads to the conclusion that surfaces with artificial turf produce non-severe injuries more frequently than surfaces with natural grass. However, severe injuries seem to occur as frequently on natural grass as on artificial turf It has been speculated that the shoe-surface combination which determines the frictional forces is connected with the injury frequency, i.e. the higher the frictional resistance the higher the injury frequency.Tennis surfaces have been shown to influence the occurrence and frequency of tennis injuries dramatically. The injury frequency on ‘clay’ and ‘synthetic sand’ is significantly lower than on other selected artificial surfaces. It is speculated that the differences in injury frequency are directly related to the differences in the frictional properties of the surfaces. Surfaces with low frictional resistance are assumed to cause fewer injuries than surfaces with high frictional resistance.In general, it can he concluded that the frictional property of a surface is one of the main factors to he considered when studying the aetiology of acute and/or chronic pain and injury in sports. Compliance or stiffness of surfaces, surprisingly, could not be related to the frequency of injuries on particular playing surfaces. However, it is speculated that compliance properties of surfaces are a factor which must be considered when studying chronic injuries.