The long-range atmospheric transport of natural and contaminant substances
The long-range atmospheric transport of natural and contaminant substances
复制标题
天然物质和污染物质的长距离大气迁移
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Continent to Continent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Knap;M. Kaiser;Contaminant Substances from Continent to Ocean;Continent to Continent
简介-1.大尺度气象制度及输送过程：-1.1引言。-1.2。远程-运输概述。-1.3。大气层路径。-1.4。结束语--1.5.参考文献-2.痕量元素的长距离大气传输的关键评估：.-2.1.总览。-2.2。大气痕量元素及其来源。-2.3。向大气排放的痕量元素。-2.4。大气中痕量元素的迁移。-2.5。大气中痕量元素的清除。-2.6。大气和海洋之间的微量元素循环。-2.7。微量元素沉积。-2.8。影响和意义。-2.9。参考文献3.到北大西洋和北太平洋的矿物-气溶胶输送：非洲和亚洲来源的影响：-3.1引言。-3.2。穿越热带北大西洋的非洲沙尘输送。-3.3。亚洲沙尘横跨北太平洋的输送。-3.4。讨论和结论。-3.5。参考文献-4.硫和氮的洲际运输：-4.1引言。-4.2。硫磺和氮气的特征。-4.3。硫和氮的远程运输。-4.4。展望未来。-4.5。结论。-4.6。参考文献-5.有机化合物的长距离传输：-5.1引言。-5.2。分析方面。-5.3。浓度分布。-5.4。大气沉降率。-5.5。变形。-5.6。参考文献-6.北极空气污染：大陆-海洋-大陆运输的案例研究：-6.1。北极空气污染现象。-6.2。硫磺进入北极。-6.3。知识差距和未来研究。参考文献-7.切尔诺贝利：案例研究摘要，重点是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的运输和沉积：-7.1。结论。-7.2。参考文献-8.火山活动排放的痕量元素的全球来源强度和大范围大气输送：-8.1。引言。-8.2。火山对大气硫收支的影响-8.3。火山硫在极地冰雪中的坠落。-8.4。火山向大气中排放的微量元素。-8.5。~(210)Po/~(210)Pb作为火山气溶胶远程输运的示踪剂-8.6总结。-8.7。参考文献-9：微量元素的长距离运输：四个案例研究：-9.1引言。-9.2。痕量元素向北极的长距离运输。将痕量元素远距离输送到太平洋。痕量元素向地中海的长距离运输。跨越北大西洋的痕量元素的运输。结论。-9.7。建议。-9.8。参考文献-10：矿物气溶胶的长距离传输：小组报告：引言。-10.2。来源和排放。-10.3。运输和转型。-10.4。证词。-10.5。沙尘长途运输的意义和影响-10.6.结论和建议。-10.7。参考文献11：硫磺和氮化合物的长距离传输：11.1.引言。-11.2。消息来源，-11.3有利的交通条件。-11.4。垂直运输。-11.5。化学转化。-11.6。沉积过程。-11.7。案例研究。-11.8。不确定性、差距和建议。-11.9。参考文献-12：有机化合物的长距离传输：-12.1引言。-12.2。意义和理由。-12.3。消息来源，-12.4交通。-12.5。证词，-12.6变形。-12.7。建议。-12.8。参考资料-13：结论：-13.1引言。-13.2。微量元素。-13.3。矿物气雾剂，-13.4硫磺和氮气，-13.5有机化合物-14：差距和未来研究建议：-14.1差距。-14.2。对未来研究的建议-附录索引
Intoduction.- 1. Large-Scale Meteorological Regimes and Transport Processes:.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Long-range-Transport Overview.- 1.3. The Atmospheric Pathway.- 1.4. Concluding Remarks.- 1.5. References.- 2. The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements a Critical Evaluation:.- 2.1. Overview.- 2.2. Atmospheric Trace Elements and their Sources.- 2.3. Trace-element Emissions to the Atmosphere.- 2.4. Atmospheric Trace-element Transport.- 2.5. Atmospheric Trace-element Scavenging.- 2.6. Trace-element Recycling Between the Atmosphere and Oceans.- 2.7. Trace-element Deposition.- 2.8. The Effects and Significance.- 2.9. References.- 3. Mineral-Aerosol Transport to the North Atlantic and North Pacific: the Impact of African and Asian Sources:.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. African Dust Transport Across the Tropical North Atlantic.- 3.3. Transport of Asian Dust Across the North Pacific.- 3.4. Discussion and Conclusions.- 3.5. References.- 4. The Intercontinental Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen:.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Sulfur and Nitrogen Characteristics.- 4.3. The Long-range Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen.- 4.4. Outlook for the Future.- 4.5. Conclusions.- 4.6. References.- 5. The Long-Range Transport of Organic Compounds:.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Analytical Aspects.- 5.3. Concentration Distribution.- 5.4. Rates of Atmospheric Deposition.- 5.5. Transformations.- 5.6. References.- 6. Arctic Air Pollution: A Case Study of Continent-to-Ocean-to-Continent Transport:.- 6.1. The Phenomenon of Arctic Air Pollution.- 6.2. Sulfur Transport into the Arctic.- 6.3. Knowledge Gaps and Future Research.- 6.4. References.- 7. Chernobyl: A Summary Case Study with Emphasis on the Transport and Deposition to Scandinavia:.- 7.1. Conclusions.- 7.2. References.- 8. Global Source Strength and Large-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements Emitted by Volcanic Activity:.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. The Effect of Volcanoes on the Atmospheric Sulfur Budget.- 8.3. The Volcanic Sulfur Fall-out in Polar Snow and Ice.- 8.4. Volcanic Output of Trace Elements into the Atmosphere.- 8.5. 210Po/210Pb as a Tracer of the Long-range Transport of Volcanic Aerosols.- 8.6. Summary.- 8.7. References.- 9: The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements: Four Case Studies:.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements to the Arctic.- 9.3. The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements to the Pacific Ocean.- 9.4. The Long-Range Transport of Trace Elements to the Mediterranean Sea.- 9.5. The Transport of Trace Elements Across the North Atlantic Ocean.- 9.6. Conclusions.- 9.7. Recommendations.- 9.8. References.- 10: The Long-Range Transport of Mineral Aerosols: Group Report:.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Sources and Emissions.- 10.3. Transport and Transformation.- 10.4. Deposition.- 10.5. The Significance and Impact of the Long-Range Transport of Dust.- 10.6. Conclusions and Recommendations.- 10.7. References.- 11: The Long-Range Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds:.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Sources.- 11.3. Favorable Transport Conditions.- 11.4. Vertical Transport.- 11.5. Chemical Transformations.- 11.6. Deposition Processes.- 11.7. Case Studies.- 11.8. Uncertainties, Gaps, and Recommendations.- 11.9. References.- 12: The Long-Range Transport of Organic Compounds:.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Significance and Rationale.- 12.3. Sources.- 12.4. Transport.- 12.5. Deposition.- 12.6. Transformations.- 12.7. Recommendations.- 12.8. References.- 13: Conclusions:.- 13.1. Introduction.- 13.2. Trace Elements.- 13.3. Mineral Aerosols.- 13.4. Sulfur and Nitrogen.- 13.5. Organic Compounds.- 14: Gaps and Future Research Recommendations:.- 14.1. Gaps.- 14.2. Recommendations for Future Research.- Appendix Index.