SMALLPOX AND RELATED POXVIRUS INFECTIONS IN THE SIMIAN HOST
SMALLPOX AND RELATED POXVIRUS INFECTIONS IN THE SIMIAN HOST
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猿猴宿主中的天花和相关痘病毒感染
DOI：
10.1128/br.25.4.459-476.1961
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发表时间：
1961
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Hahon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Hahon
对天花的明显控制而产生的自满情绪，可能是对其病原体的基础研究缺乏兴趣的原因之一。公共卫生当局为防止天花输入而不断保持警惕，并及时为疑似接触者接种疫苗，这对天花在泰斯特半球的传播起到了重大威慑作用。然而，天花仍然是对人类的持续威胁，中东和远东某些地区的地方性天花、这些地区偶尔爆发的流行病以及世界各地的零星天花病例都证明了这一点。尽管针对天花的疫苗接种已有160多年的历史，但这种疾病仍然存在。虽然已从症状学、诊断、病理学、免疫和流行病死亡率的角度详细描述了人的天花感染，但我们对这种疾病的理解仍有需要澄清的地方。例如，病毒最初繁殖的一个或多个部位，病毒在潜伏期和疾病期间的传播途径，疫苗接种后的保护时间，疫苗接种过程的发病机制，以及化疗药物的评价，这些都是疾病的一些方面，可以通过使用实验宿主来解决。然而，由于对病毒敏感的动物范围很窄，对实验天花的研究一直受到限制。Monkey似乎是唯一一种疾病模式与人类感染模式相似的实验动物。尽管50多年前在这种宿主中进行了一些关于天花病毒的基础研究(11)，但在接下来的几年里所做的工作相对较少。大多数调查都涉及交叉免疫关系以及将天花病毒转化为牛痘病毒的尝试。
I. 1NTRODucrioN A sense of complacency resulting from the apparent control ofsmallpox may be one of the factors responsible for the lack of interest in basic studies with its etiological agent. The constant vigilance practiced by public health authorities to prevent the importation of smallpox and the prompt vaccination ofsuspected contacts have been significant deterrents to its spread in the'Testern Hemisphere. Nevertheless, smallpox remains a continual threat to man, as evidenced by its endemicity in certain localities of the Middle and Far East, by occasional outbreaks of epidemic proportion in those areas, and by sporadic cases of the diseasethroughout the world. The disease persists, although vaccination against smallpox has been practiced for over 160 years. Although smallpox infection of man has been described in detail from the standpoint of symptomatology, diagnosis, pathology, im-munity, and mortality rates of epidemics,-none-theless there are areas inwhich our understanding of this disease requires elucidation. For example, the site or sites of initial multiplication of the virus, the pathways of virus dissemination during incubation and disease, the duration of protec-tion following vaccination, the pathogenesis of the vaccination process, and the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agentsare some aspects of the disease that may be resolved through the use of an experimental host.The study of experimental smallpox, however, has been limited because of the narrow range of animals thatare susceptible to the virus. Mon-keys appearto be the only experimental animal in which the pattern of disease is similar to that of human infections. Although some fundamental studies were performed with the virus of smallpox in this host more than 50 years ago (11), relatively little work has been done in subsequent years. Most of the investigations have been concerned with cross-immunity relationships and with attempts to convert smallpox virus to vaccinia virus.