Distance walked and run as improved metrics over time-based energy estimation in epidemiological studies and prevention; evidence from medication use.
Distance walked and run as improved metrics over time-based energy estimation in epidemiological studies and prevention; evidence from medication use.
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在流行病学研究和预防中，步行和跑步的距离作为基于时间的能量估计的改进指标；来自药物使用的证据。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0041906
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Williams PT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams PT
指导体力活动水平是根据时间、频率和强度规定的（例如，30分钟快走，每周五天或其能量当量），并假设不同的活动可以结合起来，以满足目标（交换前提）。习惯跑步和步行的人可以用距离（公里/天）来量化运动，对他们来说，活动剂量和健康益处之间的关系可以用距离而不是时间来更好地评估。因此，进行分析以测试：1）基于时间或基于距离的能量消耗估计是否提供了将跑步和步行与高血压，高胆固醇和糖尿病药物使用（已知通过运动减少的条件）相关的最佳度量，以及2）交换前提。使用来自全国跑步者（17，201名男性，16，173名女性）和步行者健康研究（3，434名男性，12，384名女性）的横截面数据，对药物使用（因变量）与跑步，步行和其他运动的每日代谢当量小时数（METhr/d）（自变量）进行Logistic回归分析。根据自我报告的时间计算，男性的跑步和步行活动的METhr/d分别比距离高38%和31%，女性分别高43%和37%。当根据报告的距离（km/wk）估计时，每次METhr/d跑步或每次METhr/d步行的高血压和高胆固醇药物使用几率的百分比降低≥2倍。对于高血压（跑步者：男性P<10−5，女性P = 0.003;步行者：男性P = 0.03，女性P<10 − 4）、跑步者（男性P<10 − 4，女性P = 0.02）和男性步行者（男性P = 0.01，女性P = 0.08）中使用高胆固醇药物以及男性跑步者（P<10−3）中使用糖尿病药物，每METhr/d的比值降低显著大于基于时间的估计。 虽然不能从这些横断面数据中推断出更多的运动与高血压、高胆固醇和糖尿病患病率较低之间的因果关系，但结果确实表明，基于距离的METhr/d跑步或步行估计值为流行病学分析提供了优于传统基于时间的估计值的上级指标。
The guideline physical activity levels are prescribed in terms of time, frequency, and intensity (e.g., 30 minutes brisk walking, five days a week or its energy equivalence) and assume that different activities may be combined to meet targeted goals (exchangeability premise). Habitual runners and walkers may quantify exercise in terms of distance (km/day), and for them, the relationship between activity dose and health benefits may be better assessed in terms of distance rather than time. Analyses were therefore performed to test: 1) whether time-based or distance-based estimates of energy expenditure provide the best metric for relating running and walking to hypertensive, high cholesterol, and diabetes medication use (conditions known to be diminished by exercise), and 2) the exchangeability premise. Logistic regression analyses of medication use (dependent variable) vs. metabolic equivalent hours per day (METhr/d) of running, walking and other exercise (independent variables) using cross-sectional data from the National Runners' (17,201 male, 16,173 female) and Walkers' Health Studies (3,434 male, 12,384 female). Estimated METhr/d of running and walking activity were 38% and 31% greater, respectively, when calculated from self-reported time than distance in men, and 43% and 37% greater in women, respectively. Percent reductions in the odds for hypertension and high cholesterol medication use per METhr/d run or per METhr/d walked were ≥2-fold greater when estimated from reported distance (km/wk) than from time (hr/wk). The per METhr/d odds reduction was significantly greater for the distance- than the time-based estimate for hypertension (runners: P<10−5 for males and P = 0.003 for females; walkers: P = 0.03 for males and P<10−4 for females), high cholesterol medication use in runners (P<10−4 for males and P = 0.02 for females) and male walkers (P = 0.01 for males and P = 0.08 for females) and for diabetes medication use in male runners (P<10−3). Although causality between greater exercise and lower prevalence of hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes cannot be inferred from these cross-sectional data, the results do suggest that distance-based estimates of METhr/d run or walked provide superior metrics for epidemiological analyses to their traditional time-based estimates.