Quantifying the supplier-portfolio diversity of embodied energy: Strategic implications for strengthening energy resilience
Quantifying the supplier-portfolio diversity of embodied energy: Strategic implications for strengthening energy resilience
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2017.02.024
复制
发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Masahiro Sato;A. Kharrazi;H. Nakayama;Steven B. Kraines;Masaru Yarime
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masahiro Sato;A. Kharrazi;H. Nakayama;Steven B. Kraines;Masaru Yarime
本文通过量化直接能源进口和隐含能源进口的供应商多元化来研究各国的能源弹性。特别是，我们量化了两种方法来实现一个国家的供应商投资组合的多样化：通过降低对每个供应商的依赖（投资组合多样化），并通过具体的能源供应商，从其直接能源供应商（投资组合差异化）不同。我们研究的可能性，战略利用体现能源贸易，以弥补低多样性的直接能源贸易的三种类型的化石资源：煤炭，石油和天然气。研究发现，隐含能输入的多样性远大于直接能输入的多样性。在这三种能源中，煤炭比天然气和石油更能使各国采取投资组合多样化和投资组合差异化。我们的研究结果表明，体现能源可以被视为跨越国界的能源资源的转移，可以直接受益于世界能源生产的多样性，“跳过”世界能源出口的有限多样性。
This paper investigates energy resilience of countries by quantifying the supplier diversification of both direct and embodied energy import. In particular, we quantify two approaches to diversify a country's supplier portfolio: by lowering the dependency on each supplier (portfolio diversification) and by having embodied energy suppliers that are different from its direct energy suppliers (portfolio differentiation). We examine possibilities for strategic utilization of embodied energy trade to compensate for low diversity of direct energy trade for three types of fossil resources: coal, oil, and gas. We find that the diversity of embodied energy import is much greater than that of direct energy import. Of the three energy resources, coal enables countries to adopt portfolio diversification and portfolio differentiation more than gas and oil. Our results suggest embodied energy can be considered as a transfer of energy resources across national borders that can directly benefit from the diversity of the world energy production by “skipping” the limited diversity of the world energy export.