Magnesium in dairy cow nutrition: an overview
Magnesium in dairy cow nutrition: an overview
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奶牛营养中的镁：概述
DOI：
10.1007/s11104-013-1665-5
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
J. Schonewille
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Schonewille
镁（Mg）是动物必需的营养物质，因此充足的膳食镁供应对保障动物健康至关重要。人们普遍认为，反刍动物镁的吸收效率是决定镁供应的关键因素。反刍动物对镁的吸收不足导致镁缺乏，表现为临床症状，如手足搐搦症（草性手足搐搦症）或轻瘫（牛奶热）。本综述旨在提供影响反刍动物镁吸收的最相关的饮食因素以及对镁吸收机制的最新知识。结论在实践中，粪肥的施用增加了草的钾含量，增加了草的破伤风风险。高钾摄入量是抑制镁吸收的最重要的饮食因素，这会导致缺镁的风险。钾对镁吸收效率的抑制作用可以通过补充镁来抵消。氧化镁是预防缺镁的常用手段，但实际应用中氧化镁的溶解度变化很大。因此，建议只使用经过测试的氧化镁源。从预防牛奶热的角度来看，以氯化镁的形式补充可能也是有意义的。由于氯离子的存在，氯化镁对饲粮正阴离子差（DCAD）有有益的影响。
BackgroundMagnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient in animals and thus an adequate supply of dietary magnesium is important to safeguard animal health. It is generally accepted that the efficiency of Mg absorption is the critical determinant in Mg supply of ruminants. Insufficient absorption of Mg in ruminants leads to Mg deficiency which manifests in clinical signs such as tetany (grass tetany) or paresis (milkfever).ScopeThis overview aims to provide insight in the most relevant dietary factors that influence Mg absorption in ruminants and the state of the art knowledge on the mechanism of Mg absorption.ConclusionsIn practice, the use of manure to fertilize the soil is associated with an increased risk on grass tetany because it increases the K content of grass. A high K intake is the most important dietary factor that inhibits Mg absorption which entails the risk on Mg deficiency. The inhibitory effect of K on the effciency of Mg absorption can be counteracted by supplemental Mg. Magnesium oxide is commonly used to prevent Mg defiency but solubility of MgO varies greatly in practice. Thus, it is recommended to use only tested MgO sources. In the light of prevention of milkfever, supplementation in the form of Mg-chloride might be of interest as well. Due to its chloride ion, Mg chloride has a beneficial effect on the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD).