Hygiene, Morality and the Pre-Criminal: Genealogies of Suspicion from Twentieth Century British-Occupied Egypt
Hygiene, Morality and the Pre-Criminal: Genealogies of Suspicion from Twentieth Century British-Occupied Egypt
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卫生、道德和犯罪前：二十世纪英国占领埃及的嫌疑谱系
DOI：
10.1080/13200968.2021.1923189
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Finden A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finden A
自9/11以来，“犯罪前空间”的概念在反恐政策中越来越多地被不加批判地使用。批评学者主要将其理解为一种新的法律的暂时性，它提出了“刑事责任的门槛”，从而允许先发制人的、基于怀疑的刑事定罪。这使得任意逮捕和拘留、假审判和限制自由等措施得以生效，并以仇视伊斯兰和种族主义的方式适用于整个社区。此外，在我们当代的Covid-19时刻，用于规范卫生和感染的应急工具与反恐工作中使用的工具交叉，批评者越来越担心犯罪前空间的扩大和正常化及其以病理化和医学化的方式使用。利用档案研究，本文适应当代的概念，“犯罪前”的历史和医学法律背景。在这样做的过程中，它追溯了传染病的历史-特别是VD -如何通过对道德，卫生，流浪和极端主义的霸权理解之间的滑动塑造了空间。我展示了疾病的“流浪”性质如何将种族化、性别化和分类的主题标记为潜在的传染性和不道德。特别是在英国占领的埃及性工作者的监管，我概念化的演员之间的权力斗争，包括英国政府，英国废奴主义女权主义者和埃及政府作为一个证券化网络渗透到埃及人的生活，并标记为可疑。我进一步展示了如何侵犯日常生活更有可能通过实施戒严令。通过这种方式，我认为当代英国形式的犯罪前和风险可以被理解为一种潜在的形式的殖民地存在于立法实践。
The concept of the ‘pre-criminal space’ has seen increasing uncritical use in countering terrorism policy since 9/11. It is understood by critical scholars primarily as a new legal temporality that brings forward the ‘threshold of criminal responsibility’, thus allowing for pre-emptive, suspicion-based criminalisation. This has allowed for the validation of measures such as arbitrary arrest and detention, bogus trial and restrictions on liberty, and is evidenced as being applied in an Islamophobic and racialised manner to entire communities. Furthermore, in our contemporary moment of Covid-19 where the emergency tools used to regulate hygiene and infection intersect with those used in countering terrorism work, critics are increasingly concerned about the expansion and normalisation of the pre-criminal space and its use in pathologising and medicalised ways. Using archival research, this article adapts the contemporary concept of the ‘pre-criminal’ to a historical and medico-legal context. In doing so it traces how the history of infectious diseases – in particular VD – has shaped the space through slippages between hegemonic understandings of morality, hygiene, vagrancy and extremism. I show how the ‘vagrant’ nature of disease marked racialised, gendered and classed subjects as potentially infectious and immoral. Looking particularly at the regulation of sex workers in British-occupied Egypt, I conceptualise the power struggles between actors including the British administration, British abolitionist feminists and the Egyptian government as a securitisation network which infiltrated the lives of Egyptians and marked them as suspicious. I further show how the encroachment upon everyday lives was made even more possible through the implementation of martial law. In this way, I suggest that contemporary British forms of pre-criminality and risk can be understood as a latent form of coloniality present in law-making practices.