Contrasting roles of basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive choice
Contrasting roles of basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive choice
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5606-03.2004
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发表时间：
2004-05-19
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Robbins, TW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winstanley, CA;Theobald, DEH;Robbins, TW
眶额皮层（OFC）和杏仁核基底外侧核（BLA）有许多相互联系，这些区域之间的功能相互作用对于控制目标导向行为非常重要。然而，事实证明，它们的相对作用很难割裂。尽管这些大脑区域的损伤可以引起类似的影响，但有人认为，由此产生的损伤是通过对不同但趋同的认知过程的损伤而产生的。 OFC 或杏仁核损伤的患者表现出适应不良的决策和通常被描述为冲动的异常社会行为。人类和啮齿类动物的冲动选择可以通过评估对强化延迟的不耐受程度来测量。 BLA 和 OFC 兴奋性毒性损伤的大鼠接受了这种延迟贴现程序的测试。尽管 BLA 损伤增加了对小额即时奖励的选择，表明冲动性更大，但 OFC 损伤却产生了相反的效果，增加了对较大但延迟奖励的偏好。事实上，在 OFC 损伤的动物中，延迟并没有使巨额奖励贬值到如此程度，这一事实支持了这样的建议，即 OFC 参与更新结果的激励价值以应对贬值。相比之下，BLA 损伤的动物在奖励被延迟时显着降低了对大额奖励的偏好，这可能是因为在没有奖励的情况下无法维持奖励的表征。这是第一次这两种结构的损伤产生相反的行为效应，表明它们对认知的不同贡献。
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) share many reciprocal connections, and a functional interaction between these regions is important in controlling goal-directed behavior. However, their relative roles have proved hard to dissociate. Although injury to these brain regions can cause similar effects, it has been suggested that the resulting impairments arise through damage to different, yet converging, cognitive processes. Patients with OFC or amygdala lesions exhibit maladaptive decision making and aberrant social behavior often described as impulsive. Impulsive choice may be measured in both humans and rodents by evaluating intolerance to delay of reinforcement. Rats with excitotoxic lesions of the BLA and OFC were tested on such a delay-discounting procedure. Although lesions of the BLA increased choice of the small immediate reward, indicating greater impulsivity, OFC lesions had the opposite effect, increasing preference for the larger but delayed reward. The fact that the delay did not devalue the large reward to such an extent in OFC-lesioned animals supports the suggestion that the OFC is involved in updating the incentive value of outcomes in response to devaluation. In contrast, the BLA-lesioned animals markedly decreased their preference for the large reward when it was delayed, potentially because of an inability to maintain a representation of the reward in its absence. This is the first time that lesions to these two structures have produced opposite behavioral effects, indicating their distinct contributions to cognition.