Metabolome Analysis Identified Okaramines in the Soybean Rhizosphere as a Legacy of Hairy Vetch
Metabolome Analysis Identified Okaramines in the Soybean Rhizosphere as a Legacy of Hairy Vetch
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2020.00114
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
N. Sakurai;Hossein Mardani-korrani;Masaru Nakayasu;K. Matsuda;K. Ochiai;Masaru Kobayashi;Yusuke Tahara;Takeshi Onodera;Yuichi Aoki;T. Motobayashi;M. Komatsuzaki;M. Ihara;D. Shibata;Y. Fujii;A. Sugiyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Sakurai;Hossein Mardani-korrani;Masaru Nakayasu;K. Matsuda;K. Ochiai;Masaru Kobayashi;Yusuke Tahara;Takeshi Onodera;Yuichi Aoki;T. Motobayashi;M. Komatsuzaki;M. Ihara;D. Shibata;Y. Fujii;A. Sugiyama
地下生物间的交流，如根际的植物-微生物相互作用，影响植物生长。代谢产物在生物通讯中起着重要作用，但土壤中仍有大量代谢产物有待发现。代谢组学是一种全面分析样本中代谢物的技术，可以发现介导这些相互作用的分子。我们进行了多变量分析，使用液相色谱（LC）-质谱（MS）为基础的非靶向代谢组学在几个土壤样品中，也有针对性的代谢组学分析的候选化合物在土壤中的识别。我们确定okaramine A，B，和C在根际土壤中的毛豌豆。奥卡胺是吲哚生物碱，首先在接种了简青霉AK-40的大豆粕（奥卡拉）中鉴定出，并且是杀虫的。在露地毛豌豆根际中检测到奥卡胺B。Okaramine B在毛箭豌豆生长后的大豆土壤和根际土壤中也被检测到，但在没有毛箭豌豆生长的大豆土壤中未检测到。这些结果表明，奥卡胺可能参与植物对昆虫的间接防御。据我们所知，这是第一次在自然环境中的奥卡胺的报告。非靶向和靶向代谢组学将有助于揭示根际化学。
Inter-organismal communications below ground, such as plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, affect plant growth. Metabolites are shown to play important roles in biological communication, but there still remain a large number of metabolites in soil to be uncovered. Metabolomics, a technique for the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in samples, may uncover the molecules that intermediate these interactions. We conducted a multivariate analysis using liquid chromatography (LC)—mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomics in several soil samples and also targeted metabolome analysis for the identification of the candidate compounds in soil. We identified okaramine A, B, and C in the rhizosphere soil of hairy vetch. Okaramines are indole alkaloids first identified in soybean pulp (okara) inoculated with Penicillium simplicissimum AK-40 and are insecticidal. Okaramine B was detected in the rhizosphere from an open field growing hairy vetch. Okaramine B was also detected in both bulk and rhizosphere soils of soybean grown following hairy vetch, but not detected in soils of soybean without hairy vetch growth. These results suggested that okaramines might be involved in indirect defense of plants against insects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of okaramines in the natural environment. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics would be useful to uncover the chemistry of the rhizosphere.