Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages
Independent origins of Indian caste and tribal paternal lineages
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024
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发表时间：
2004-02-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Stoneking, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordaux, R;Aunger, R;Stoneking, M
居住在印度次大陆并遵循印度教种姓制度[1，2]习俗的近10亿人的起源是有争议的：他们主要来自印度当地人口(即部落群体)还是最近移民到印度？考古学和语言学证据支持后一种假设(2-4)，而最近的遗传数据似乎支持前一种假设[5]。在这里，我们分析了迄今为止最广泛的印度种姓和部落Y染色体数据集。我们发现种姓和部落群体在单倍群频率分布上存在显著差异；种姓群体在Y染色体变异方面是一致的，并且与彼此以及与中亚群体的亲缘关系比与印度部落或任何其他欧亚群体更密切。我们得出结论，印度种姓群体的父系血统主要是说印欧语的人的后裔，他们大约在3500年前从中亚移民过来。相反，部落群体的父系血统主要来自原始的印第安人基因库。我们还提供了种姓和部落群体之间男性基因双向流动的证据。相比之下，种姓和部落群体在线粒体DNA变异方面是同质的[5，6]，这可能反映了印度种姓社会的社会文化特征。
The origins of the nearly one billion people inhabiting the Indian subcontinent and following the customs of the Hindu caste system [1, 2] are controversial: are they largely derived from Indian local populations (i.e. tribal groups) or from recent immigrants to India? Archaeological and linguistic evidence support the latter hypothesis (2-4], whereas recent genetic data seem to favor the former hypothesis [5]. Here, we analyze the most extensive dataset of Indian caste and tribal Y chromosomes to date. We find that caste and tribal groups differ significantly in their haplogroup frequency distributions; caste groups are homogeneous for Y chromosome variation and more closely related to each other and to central Asian groups than to Indian tribal or any other Eurasian groups. We conclude that paternal lineages of Indian caste groups are primarily descended from Indo-European speakers who migrated from central Asia similar to3,500 years ago. Conversely, paternal lineages of tribal groups are predominantly derived from the original Indian gene pool. We also provide evidence for bidirectional male gene flow between caste and tribal groups. In comparison, caste and tribal groups are homogeneous with respect to mitochondrial DNA variation [5,6], which may reflect the sociocultural characteristics of the Indian caste society.