Development of postural adjustment during gait initiation: Kinematic and EMG analysis
Development of postural adjustment during gait initiation: Kinematic and EMG analysis
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DOI：
10.1080/00222890009601373
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Amblard, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Assaiante, C;Woollacott, M;Amblard, B
作者通过使用运动学和肌电图（EMG）分析研究了与儿童步态起始相关的姿势调整的发展。参与者（N = 28）包括1-4个月和9-17个月走路经验的婴儿、4-5岁的儿童和成年人。预期的体位调整（APA）出现在最年轻的年龄组，包括骨盆和站立腿明显的预期侧向倾斜，这使得孩子在其摆动阶段前不久卸下对侧腿。在脱脚跟之前，发现站立阶段腿部髋外展肌的预期激活，提示骨盆稳定。直到4-5岁，APA才持续出现。各个年龄段的节段振荡都有所减少，这表明在步态开始的姿势阶段，前额和矢状面节段间协调得到了更好的控制。年轻的步行者表现出的APA包括身体的上下部分的运动，而像成年人一样，4到5岁的孩子只能横向移动骨盆和站立腿。年龄最大的儿童和成年人也表现出臀部和膝盖肌肉的激活水平较低，但脚踝肌肉的激活水平较高。这些运动学和肌电图结果综合起来表明，从整体手术到关节手术，成熟、行走经验或两者兼而有之，有一个明确的发育顺序。
The authors studied the development of postural adjustments associated with the initiation of gait in children by using kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) analysis. Participants (N = 28) included infants with 1-4 and 9-17 months of walking experience, children 4-5 years of age, and adults. Anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) were present in the youngest age groups, including a clear anticipatory lateral tilt of the pelvis and the stance leg, which enabled the child to unload the opposite leg shortly before its swing phase. An anticipatory activation of the hip abductor of the leg in stance phase prior to heel-off was found, suggesting pelvis stabilization. APA did not appear consistently until 4-5 years of age. A decrease in segmental oscillations occurred across the ages, indicating better control of intersegmental coordination in the frontal and sagittal planes during the postural phase of gait initiation. Young walkers presented APA involving movements of both the upper and the lower parts of the body, whereas, like adults, 4- to 5-year-olds were able to laterally shift only the pelvis and the stance leg. The oldest children and the adults also showed lower activation levels of hip and knee muscles but higher activation at the ankle level. Those kinematic and EMG results taken together suggest a clear developmental sequence from an en bloc operation of the body through an articulated operation with maturation, walking experience, or both.