Impact of California Fires on Local and Regional Air Quality: The Role of a Low-Cost Sensor Network and Satellite Observations
Impact of California Fires on Local and Regional Air Quality: The Role of a Low-Cost Sensor Network and Satellite Observations
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DOI：
10.1029/2018gh000136
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Mills, K. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta, P.;Doraiswamy, P.;Mills, K. C.
PM2.5或细颗粒物是一类空气污染物，由有效空气动力学直径等于或小于2.5 μ m的颗粒组成。这些颗粒物与人类健康影响以及区域雾霾，能见度和气候变化问题有关。由于成本和空间限制，美国环境保护署的监测网络在空间上仍然稀疏。为了提高监测的空间分辨率，以前的研究使用卫星数据来估计地面PM浓度，尽管这些估计与中等到大的不确定性相关时，气溶胶（气溶胶光学厚度）与表面测量的柱测量。为此，我们讨论了一个低成本的空气质量监测（LCAQM）网络部署在加州。在本研究中，我们提出了LCAQM和卫星数据的应用，用于量化2017年10月期间加州野火的影响。火灾对PM2.5浓度的影响在不同的时间（每小时，每天和每周）和空间（本地到区域）尺度进行了评估。低成本空气质量传感器和参考级空气质量仪器之间的比较显示出中等到高度不确定性的预期性能。在没有联邦等效方法数据的情况下，LCAQM测量结果也被发现在开发统计模型将气溶胶光学厚度转换为PM2.5时非常有用，该模型具有卫星获得的PM2.5的性能，类似于使用联邦等效方法数据获得的性能。本文还强调了与LCAQM和基于卫星的PM2.5测量相关的挑战，需要进一步的调查和研究。
PM2.5, or fine particulate matter, is a category of air pollutant consisting of particles with effective aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 mu m. These particles have been linked to human health impacts as well as regional haze, visibility, and climate change issues. Due to cost and space restrictions, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency monitoring network remains spatially sparse. To increase the spatial resolution of monitoring, previous studies have used satellite data to estimate ground-level PM concentrations, despite these estimates being associated with moderate to large uncertainties when relating a column measure of aerosol (aerosol optical depth) with surface measurements. To this end, we discuss a low-cost air quality monitor (LCAQM) network deployed in California. In this study, we present an application of LCAQM and satellite data for quantifying the impact of wildfires in California during October 2017. The impacts of fires on PM2.5 concentration at varying temporal (hourly, daily, and weekly) and spatial (local to regional) scales have been evaluated. Comparison between low-cost air quality sensors and reference-grade air quality instruments shows expected performance with moderate to high uncertainties. The LCAQM measurements, in the absence of federal equivalent method data, were also found to be very useful in developing statistical models to convert aerosol optical depth into PM2.5 with performance of satellite-derived PM2.5, similar to that obtained using the federal equivalent method data. This paper also highlights challenges associated with both LCAQM and satellite-based PM2.5 measurements, which require further investigation and research.